El diseño de campañas sobre el ictus y su evaluación. Una revisión de 10 años de literatura científica (1999-2009)

 

Patricia Estevez Jimenez*, José Luis Terrón Blanco **

* Observatorio de Comunicación y Salud (OCS), InCom-UAB, Spain

** Director del InCom-UAB y del Observatorio de Comunicación y Salud (InCom-UAB). Profesor Titular del Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

 

Resumen

Ictus es el nombre que reciben las manifestaciones agudas de un conjunto de enfermedades que tienen en común producir el taponamiento o ruptura de una arteria, lo que provoca que la sangre no llegue a una parte del cerebro y que las células cerebrales mueran; representan la tercera causa de muerte en el mundo occidental. La finalidad de este escrito es identificar las metodologías y estrategias de comunicación más adecuadas para la efectividad de los mensajes de prevención de episodios de ictus, centrándonos en si las campañas son evaluadas y en qué forma. Para ello, se hizo una revisión de la literatura científica de campañas de comunicación o intervenciones de educación comunitaria sobre ictus en cualquier revista médica de impacto en castellano, catalán, francés e inglés entre los años 1999 y 2009. La búsqueda de la literatura se realizó mediante palabras claves introducidas en las bases de datos Pubmed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge y Scopus y posterior búsqueda manual a partir de las referencias bibliográficas incluidas en los artículos seleccionados. Con posterioridad se rellenaron fichas-cuestionarios para el vaciado de los artículos. Los resultados demuestran que la evaluación de campañas de ictus es escasa y que esta suele ser cuantitativa y basada en el recuerdo.

Palabras-clave: ictus, evaluación, campaña, promoción de la salud.

 

Stroke campaigns’ design and evaluation: a 10-year review of scientific literature.

Abstract

Stroke is the general name given to the acute manifestation of a series of conditions that have in common the production of a blockage or rupture of an artery, causing the blood to be unable to reach the brain and the consequent death of brain cells; it is the third cause of death in the Western world. The goal of this article is identifying the most adequate communication methodologies and strategies for the effectiveness of messages trying to prevent a stroke episode: the focus will be on discerning if the campaign has been evaluated and how. In order to reach this goal, we performed a review of scientific literature about stroke communication campaigns or community education interventions in any impact journal in Spanish, Catalan, French or English between 1999 and 2009. The literature selection was based on a keywords search on various databases (Pubmed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus) and a subsequent manual search from bibliography included in the selected articles. We created a database with a form per article, later on. Results show that evaluation of stroke campaigns is scarce and, when it exists, it is quantitative and based on remembrance.

Keywords: stroke, evaluation, campaign, health promotion.

 

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Full text only available in PDF format.

 

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