A Avaliação da Resistência – Efeitos da aplicação de um programa de treino na aptidão cárdio-respiratória numa corporação de bombeiros profissionais

 

Paulo Jorge Martins Mourão¹

Francisco José Miranda Gonçalves ²

 

¹ Licenciado em Educação Física pelo ISMAI e Mestre em Ciências do Desporto pela Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

²Licenciado e Doutorando em Educação Física e Desporto Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

 

 

RESUMO

Os bombeiros têm uma mais alta incidência de doenças cardíacas e mais alto índice de morte prematura, que outros indivíduos que desempenham, também, profissões de alto risco.

Uma má aptidão física limita, obviamente, a performance dos bombeiros assim como diminui a sua saúde. No entanto, a má aptidão física do bombeiro não o prejudica apenas a ele como a toda a instituição, colocando em causa a segurança dos bens e das pessoas. De entre as várias componentes da aptidão física, a aptidão cárdio-respiratória tem sido identificada como a mais importante.

Neste sentido, foi desenvolvido um programa de treino de 12 semanas, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento da capacidade cárdio-respiratória numa corporação de bombeiros profissionais.

Verificamos que, antes da aplicação do programa de treino, estes bombeiros, não possuíam uma aptidão cárdio-respiratória suficiente para desempenhar as suas tarefas em segurança e com eficácia (VO₂máx = 44,17ml/kg/min) e que, após o programa de treino, essa aptidão melhorou (VO₂máx = 52,69 ml/kg/min), permitindo-lhes desta forma realizar as suas tarefas com eficácia e segurança.

Palavras-chave: resistência; aptidão cárdio-respiratória; bombeiro; saúde.

 

 

The resistance evaluation - Effects of a specific training program on professional fire-fighter cardio-respiratory fitness

ABSTRACT

The fire-fighters have an increased risk for developing cardiac pathologies and also a higher index of premature death than other individuals that perform high risk jobs.

In this way, low physical fitness obviously limits fire-fighter performance, as well as degrades their health.

However this fact not only damages the individual fire-fighter but also the institution that he represents hence severely questioning property and general public safety.

The cardio-respiratory fitness had been identify as the most important physical fitness component.

In this way, we developed a 12 weeks training program, to improve the cardio-respiratory fitness in a professional fire-fighters corporation.

According to reference values, before training these fire-fighters did not have enough cardio-respiratory fitness to adequately perform their job requirements with efficacy and safety (VO₂máx = 44,17ml/kg/min). However after training there was great improvement (VO₂máx = 52,69 ml/kg/min), providing a safe and more qualified service for the general population.

Keywords: resistance; cardio-respiratory fitness; fire-fighter; health.

 

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

Referências

[1] Adams DL, Johnson KD (1996). Selected fitness and health characteristics of male fire-fighters. Med. Sci. Sport Exerc. 28: 5 supplement: 199        [ Links ]

[2] Adams TD, Yanowtiz FG, Chandler S, Specht P, Lockwood R, Yeh MP (1986). A study to evaluate and promove total fitness among fire fighters. J. Sports Med. 26: 337-343.

[3] Astrand P, Rodahl K (1986). Textbook of work physiology. 3^rd edition. New York: Mcgraw-hill.

[4] Bahrke MS (1982). Voluntary and mandatory fitness program for firefighters. Phys. Sportsmed. 10: 126-132.

[5] Blair SN, Khol WH, Paffenbarger JR, Clark SR, Cooper HK, Gibssons LW (1989). Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of health men and women. JAMA. 262: 2395-2401.

[6] Bouchard C, Shepard RJ, Stephens T (1994). Physical activity, fitness, and health. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers.

[7] Cady LD, Thomas PC, Kawasky MS (1985).Program for increasing health and physical fitness of firefighters. J. Occup. Med. 27:110-114.

[8] Carter RW (1982). Legal aspects of maintaining physical fitness. The Police Chief, March, 15-16.

[9] Collingwood TR, Hoffman R (1995). Fit for Duty – The Peace Officer’s to Total Fitness. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers.

[10] Collingwood TR, Hoffman R, Sammann P (1995). Fitforce administrator guide – The peace officer’s total fitness program. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers.

[11] Davis PO, Dotson CO, Santamaria DL (1982). Relationship between simulated firefighting tasks and physical performance measures. Med. Sci. Sports. 14: 65-71.

[12] Davis PO, Dotson CO (1987). Physiological aspects of firefighting. Fire Techn. 23: 280-291.

[13] Donovan KJ, Mcconnell AK (1999). Do Fire-fighters develop specific ventilatory responses in order to cope with exercise whilst wearing self-contained breathing apparatus? Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 80: 107-112.

[14] Fagard RH, Tipton CH (1994). Physycal activity fitness, and hypertension. In Bouchard C, Shepard RJ, Stephens T (Eds) Physical activity, fitness and health. Champaign, II: Human Kinetics Publishers.

[15] Fraser E (1986). Physical fitness maintenance: a developmental process. The Police Chief: 53: 6. 24-27.

[16] Frias JC; (1999). Provas de aptidão física na polícia de segurança pública. Estudo comparativo entre testes de aptidão Física geral e testes de habilidade física policial. Tese de licenciatura não publicada. Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna: Lisboa.

[17] George JD, Fischer AG, Vehrs PR (1999). Tests y pruebas físicas. 2ª Edición. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo.

[18] Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Ingram DD (1996). Physycal activity and stroke incidence in women and men. Am. J. Epidemiol. 143: 860-869.

[19] Gledhill N, Jamnik VK (1992a). Development and Validation of a Fitness Screening Protocol for Firefighter. Can. J. of Spt. Sci. 17:3. 199-206

[20] Gledhill N, Jamnik VK (1992b). Characterization of the Physical Demands of Firefighting. Can. J. of Spt. Sci. 17:3. 207-213.

[21] Granell JC, Cervera VR (2001). Teoría y Planificación del Entrenamiento Deportivo. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo.

[22] Heyward VH (1996). Evaluación y Prescripción del ejercicio. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo.

[23] Hoffman R, Collingwood TR (1995). Fit for duty – The peace officer’s guide to total fitness. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers.

[24] Horowitz MR, Montgomery DL (1993). Physiological profile of firefighters compared to norms for the Canadian population. Can. J. Public Health. 84: 50-52.

[25] Jackson AS (1994). Preemployement physical evaluation. Exer. Sport. Sci. 22: 53-90

[26] Jackson AS, Beard EF, Wier LT, Ross RM, Stuteville, Blair SN (1995). Changes in aerobic power of men, ages 25-70 yr. Med. Sci. Sport Exer. 27: 113-120.

[27] Kaman RL, Patton RW (1992). Costs and benefits of an active versus an inactive society. In Bouchard C, Shepard R, Stephens T (Eds), Physical activity, fitness and health. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers, 134-144

[28] Kiely DK, Wolf PA, Cupples LA, Breiser AS, Kannel WB (1994). Physical activity and stroke risk: The Framingham Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 140: 608-620.

[29] Klinzing EJ (1980). The Physical fitness of police officers. J. Sport Med. 20: 291-296.

[30] Kohl HW, Mckenzie JD (1994). Physical activity, fitness, and stroke. In Bouchard C, Shepard RJ, Stephens T (Eds). Physical activity, fitness and health. Champaign, II: Human Kinetics Publishers.

[31] Lemon PW, Hermiston RT (1977a). The human energy cost of firefighting. J. Occup. Med. 19: 558-562.

[32] Lemon PW, Hermiston RT (1977b). Physiological profile of professional firefighters. J. Occup. Med. 19: 337-340

[33] Loy S (2001). Play by the numbers to measure department fitness. www.firechief.com

[34] Martin D, Carl K, Lehnertz K (2001). Manual de Metodología del Entrenamiento Deportivo. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo.

[35] Mealey M (1979). New fitness for police and firefighters. Phys. Sports Med. 7: 96-100.

[36] Misner JE, Plowman SA, Boileau R (1987). Performance differences between males and females on simulated firefighting tasks. J. Occup.  Med. 29: 801-805.

[37] Monteiro LF (1998). Aptidão física, aptidão metabólica e composição corporal dos agentes da PSP: estudo comparativo entre patrulhas a pé e patrulhas de carro. Dissertação de mestrado não publicada. Lisboa: Faculdade Motricidade Humana.

[38] Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Steinmetz CH (1984). A natural history of athleticism and cardiovascular health. JAMA. 252: 491-495.

[39] Phillips WT, Pruitt LA, King AC (1996). Lifestyle activity – current recommendations. Sports Med. 22: 1-7.

[40] Pollock ML, Gettman LR, Meyer BU (1978). Analysis of physical fitness and coronary heart disease risk of Dallas area police officers. J. Occup. Med. 20: 393-398.

[41] Roberts MA, O’dea J, Mannix ET (2002). Fitness levels of firefighter recruits before and after a supervised exercise training program. J. Strength Conditioning research. 16: 2. 271-277.

[42] Romet TT, Frim J (1987). Physiological responses to fire fighting activities. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 56: 663-638.

[43] Shephard RJ, Astrand PO (2000). La resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo.

[44] Williford HN, Duey WJ, Blessing (1996). The relationship between fire fighter physical fitness and performance. Med. Sci. Sport Exer. 28: 5. Supplement: 199

 

 

Correspondência:

Francisco Gonçalves

Travessa Comendador Seabra da Silva n.º 226,

3720-297 Oliveira de Azeméis

E-mail: franciscojmg@gmail.com / xicoze7@hotmail.com

Telemóvel: 917 668 858 / 966 833 562

Telefone: 256285335