Individualismo e Colectivismo: Fundamentos Conceptuais para o Estudo Intercultural das Concepções Pessoais de Inteligência de Estudantes Portugueses e Romenos

 

Laura Ciochină ¹

Luísa Faria ²

 

 

Resumo: A questão-chave do presente artigo centra­‑se na tentativa de evidenciar o modo como a dimensão de individualismo­‑colectivismo (IND/COL) – que, nos últimos 20 anos, tem sido preponderantemente utilizada para comparar as socieda­des – pode ser operacionalizada, com o objectivo de se conceber uma metodologia adequada para medir e validar estes dois constructos tão controversos e, conse­quentemente, para indagar a sua relação com aspectos psicológicos do comporta­mento dos indivíduos, particularmente no que se refere à estruturação e ao desen­volvimento das concepções pessoais de inteligência (CPI). Deste modo, a um nível teórico, analisa­‑se a influência do IND/COL nas CPI de estudantes portugueses e romenos, partindo do pressuposto de que o contexto cultural em que os indivíduos vivem e agem modela tais concepções e, implicitamente, influencia os respectivos padrões de realização e de desempenho escolar.

Palavras­‑chave: individualismo­‑colectivismo, concepções pessoais de inteligência, cultura.

 

 

Individualism and Collectivism: Conceptual Basis for the Intercultural Study of Personal Conceptions of Intelligence of Portuguese and Romanian Students

Abstract: The core aspect of this article is centered on the attempt of highlighting the way in which the individualism­‑collectivism (IND/COL) dimension – which in the last 20 years has been largely used to compare societies – can be accurately operacionalized, to conceive an adequate methodology for the measurement and validation of these two controversial constructs, and, consequently, for the inves­tigation of their relation with individuals’ psychological aspects of behavior, particularly, with the structuring and the development of personal conceptions of intelligence (PCI). In this way, at a theoretical level, we explore the influence of the IND/COL on the PCI of Portuguese and Romanian students, proceeding from the assumption that the cultural context, in which individuals live and act, models such conceptions, and, implicitly, influences the respective achievement patterns of behavior and school performance.

Keywords: individualism­‑collectivism, personal conceptions of intelligence, culture.

 

 

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¹ Doutoranda em Psicologia na Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto (FPCEUP); bolseira de doutoramento pela Fundação para a Ciên­cia e Tecnologia (FCT – Ref.ª SFRH/BD/21768/2005). lauraciochina@yahoo.com.

² Professora Associada com Agregação da FPCEUP. lfaria@fpce.up.pt.

Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, s/n – 4200­‑392 Porto.