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Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas

versión impresa ISSN 0873-6529

Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas  n.53 Oeiras ene. 2007

 

Árvores Conceptuais

Uma reconstrução multidimensional dos conceitos de acção e de estrutura

Rui Pena Pires *

Resumo

Em confronto com as tendências negativas para a hiperdiferenciação teórica na sociologia, propõe-se a reconstrução dos conceitos de acção social e de estrutura social numa perspectiva multidimensional, transformando alguns dos sentidos rivais desses conceitos em dimensões analíticas complementares. Para isso, desenha-se uma árvore conceptual “generativa” com base num ponto de partida comum (a ordem social), desdobrado em dois ramos correspondentes a duas categorias ontológicas diferentes (acção e estrutura), posteriormente redesdobrados através de encadeadamentos de pressuposição lógica. No segundo nível de desdobramento, distingue-se entre acção racional e acção interpretativa, por um lado, e entre estrutura externa e estrutura internalizada, por outro, prolongando-se o exercício por mais dois níveis. No total, são identificadas oito dimensões de análise tanto no ramo da acção como no da estrutura.

Palavras-chave ordem social, acção social, acção interpretativa, acção racional, estrutura social, estrutura institucional, estrutura relacional, estrutura internalizada.

 

Abstract

Conceptual trees: a contribution for a multidimensional reconstruction of the concepts of action and structure

In contrast to the negative tendency for hyper-differentiation in theoretical sociology, I propose the reconstruction of the concepts of social action and social structure in a multidimensional perspective, transforming some of the competing meanings of these concepts in complementary analytical dimensions. For this, I draw a “generative” conceptual tree based on a common starting point (social order), branching in two segments that correspond to two different ontological categories (action and structure), and further branched through chains of logical presupposition. On the second branching level, I distinguish between rational and interpretative actions on one hand, and between external and internal structure on the other, and the process is repeated for two more levels. In total, I identify eight analytical dimensions both in the action and in the structure branches.

Key-words social order, social action, interpretative action, rational action, social structure, institutional structure, relational structure, internalised structure.

 

Résumé

Arbres conceptuels: contribution pour la reconstruction multidimensionnelle des concepts d'action et de structure

En alternative aux tendances négatives pour la hyper différentiation théorique dans la sociologie, nous proposons la reconstruction des concepts d'action sociale et de structure social dans une perspective multidimensionnelle, en transformant certains sens rivaux de ces concepts-là dans des dimensions analytiques complémentaires. Dans ce but, nous dressons un arbre conceptuelle “générative” se basant dans un point de départ commun (l'ordre sociale), dépliés en deux segments correspondants à deux catégories ontologiques différentes (l'action et la structure), redoublés après, au moyen des enchaînements de présupposition logique. Dans le second niveau du redoublement, nous distinguons, d'un côté, entre l'action rationnelle et l'action interprétative et, d'autre, entre structure externe et structure intériorisée, l'exercice s'étendant par encore deux niveaux. Dans le total, huit dimensions d'analyse sont identifiées soit dans le rameau de l'action, soit dans celui de la structure.

Mots-clés ordre sociale, action sociale, action interprétative, action rationnelle, structure sociale, structure institutionnelle, structure intériorisée.

 

Resumen

Árboles conceptuales: contribución para una reconstrucción multidimensional de los conceptos de acción y estructura

En contraposición a las tendencias para la hiperdiferenciación teórica en la sociología, se propone la reconstrucción de los conceptos de acción social y de estructura social en una perspectiva multidimensional, transformando algunos de los sentidos rivales de esos conceptos en dimensiones analíticas complementarias. Para ello, se dibuja un árbol conceptual "generativo" con base en un punto de partida común (el orden social), desdoblado en dos segmentos correspondientes a dos categorías ontológicas diferentes (acción y estructura), posteriormente desdoblados mediante encadenamientos de presuposición lógica. En el segundo nivel de desdoblamiento, se distingue entre acción racional y acción interpretativa por un lado, y entre estructura externa y estructura internalizada, por otro, prolongándose el ejercicio a dos niveles más. En total, son identificadas ocho dimensiones de análisis tanto en la rama de acción como en la de la estructura.

Palabras-clave orden social, acción social, acción interpretativa, acción racional, estructura social, estructura institucional, estructura relacional, estructura internalizada.

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

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* Professor no Departamento de Sociologia do ISCTE e investigador no CIES-ISCTE. E-mail: rpenapires@iscte.pt

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