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Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia

Print version ISSN 0873-2159

Rev Port Pneumol vol.12 no.1 Lisboa Jan. 2006

 

Estudo Viriato: Actualização de dados de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias responsáveis por infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade em Portugal em 2003 e 2004

The Viriato Study: Update of antimicrobial susceptibility data of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Portugal in 2003 and 2004

 

 

J. Melo-Cristino1

Letícia Santos1

Mário Ramirez1

Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias2

 

 

Resumo

O Estudo Viriato é um estudo nacional, prospectivo e multicêntrico, de vigilância da susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias frequentemente responsáveis por infecções do aparelho respiratório adquiridas na comunidade. Nos anos de 2003 e 2004 participaram 29 laboratórios de todo o país. Isolaram-se 2945 microrganismos que foram estudados num laboratório coordenador. Das 513 estirpes de Streptococcus pyogenes de doentes com amigdalo-faringite aguda, todas eram susceptíveis à penicilina e outros antibióticos beta-lactâmicos, mas 18,9% eram resistentes à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina. Nas estirpes resistentes foi mais frequente o fenótipo M (67,0%) que confere resistência à eritromicina (CIM90=16 mg/L), claritromicina e azitromicina, mas susceptibilidade à clindamicina (CIM90=0,094 mg/L). De doentes com infecção do aparelho respiratório inferior estudaram-se 1300 estirpes de Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococos), 829 de Haemophilus influenzae e 303 de Moraxella catarrhalis. Em S. pneumoniae, 18,4% das estirpes eram resistentes à penicilina (3,5% com resistência elevada), 7,1% à cefuroxima, 0,5% à amoxicilina, 0,5% à amoxicilina/clavulanato, 18,8% à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina, 14,5 % à tetraciclina, 16,5% ao co-trimoxazol e 0,4% à levofloxacina. Nas estirpes resistentes aos macrólidos, dominou o fenótipo MLSB (83,7%), caracterizado por resistência elevada (CIM90>256 mg/L) à eritromicina, claritromicina, azitromicina e clindamicina. Produziam beta-lactamase 10,0% de H. influenzae e 96,4% de M. catarrhalis. Em H. influenzae demonstrou-se 5,5% de resistência à claritromicina e 13,4% ao co-trimoxazol. A quase totalidade das estirpes era susceptível à amoxicilina / clavulanato, cefuroxima, azitromicina, tetraciclina e ciprofloxacina. Em M. catarrhalis a resistência ao co-trimoxazol foi de 27,1% e à tetraciclina de 1,0%. Todas as estirpes eram susceptíveis à amoxicilina / clavulanato, cefuroxima, claritromicina, azitromicina e ciprofloxacina. De entre o conjunto de antibióticos ensaiado, a penicilina continua a ser o mais activo contra S. pyogenes e a amoxicilina / clavulanato e as quinolonas os mais activos simultaneamente contra S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae e M. catarrhalis.

Palavras-chave: Portugal, Estudo Viriato, infecção respiratória, comunidade, 2003, 2004, susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.

 

Abstract

The Viriato Study is a nationwide, prospective, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Portugal. In 2003 and 2004 a total of 2945 isolates was recovered in the 29 laboratories that participated in the study. Testing was undertaken in a central laboratory. Of the 513 Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penicillin and other beta-lactams but 18.9% were resistant to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. The M phenotype dominated (67%), conferring resistance to erythromycin (MIC90=16mg/L), clarythromycin and azithromycin, but susceptibility to clindamycin (MIC90=0.094 mg/L). From patients with lower respiratory tract infection 1,300 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 829 of Haemophilus influenzae, and 303 of Moraxella catarrhalis were studied. Among S. pneumoniae isolates 18.4% were resistant to penicillin (3.5% showing high-level resistance), 7.1% to cefuroxime, 0.5% to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate, 18.8% to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin, 14.9% to tetracycline, 16.5% to co-trimoxazol, and 0.4% to levofloxacin. Beta-lactamases were produced by 10.0% of H. influenzae and 96.4% of M. catarrhalis. In H. influenzae resistance to clarithromycin was 5.5% and to co-trimoxazole was 13.4%. Most strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, azithromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. In M. catarrhalis resistance to co-trimoxazole was 27.1% and to tetracycline 1.0%. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Penicillin was the most active antimicrobial agent against S. pyogenes and amoxycillin / clavulanate and the quinolones the most active in vitro simultaneously against S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and M. catarrhalis.

Key-words: Portugal, Viriato Study, respiratory tract infections, community, 2003, 2004, antimicrobial resistance, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.

 

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

Bibliografia

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1 Instituto de Microbiologia. Instituto de Medicina Molecular. Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa/Microbiology Institute. Molecular Medicine Institute Lisbon Medical School.

Av. Prof Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa. Tel. 217999458. Fax. 217999459.

2 Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias/Portuguese Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens Research Group: Centro Hospitalar do Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo: Sílvia Lozano; Centro Hospitalar de Cascais: Ana Fonseca, Adriana Coutinho; Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra: Ana Florinda Alves, Luís Albuquerque; Centro Hospitalar da Póvoa do Varzim/Vila do Conde: Fernando Fonseca; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia: Paulo Lopes, Ismália Calheiros, Luísa Felício, Lourdes Sobral; Hospital do Barlavento Algarvio: Teresa Vaz, Marília Gião; Hospital Central do Funchal: Teresa Afonso; Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa: Maria José Silvestre, Helena Peres, Teresa Pina; Hospital Distrital de Abrantes: Clotilde Roldão; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada: Eulália Carvalho; Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro: Elmano Ramalheira, Ana Margarida Paradela; Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisboa: Rosa M. Barros, Maria Isabel Peres; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada: José Diogo, Ana Rodrigues, Isabel Nascimento; Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos: Valquíria Alves, Antónia Read, Margarida Monteiro; Hospital de Pulido Valente, Lisboa: Margarida Abecassis, Isilda Alves, Rita Pinto; Hospital dos S.A.M.S., Lisboa: Luísa Cabral, Olga Neto; Filipa Antunes; Hospital de Santa Luzia, Elvas: Ilse Fontes; Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa: Luís Lito, Maria Luís Fernandes, Maria José Salgado; Hospital de Santa Marta, Lisboa: Margarida Pinto, Hermínia Choon; Hospital de Santo António, Porto: Ana Paula Castro, Maria Helena Ramos, José Manuel Amorim; Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa: Filomena Martins, Maria Ana Pessanha, Elsa Gonçalves; Hospital de São João, Porto: Fernanda Cotta, J. Correia da Fonseca; Hospital de São José, Lisboa: Maria Odete Spencer, João Marques; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga: Maria Alberta Faustino, Adelaide Alves; Hospital de São Teotónio, Viseu: Isabel Marques, José Miguel Ribeiro; Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães: Ana Paula M. Vieira, Francisco B. Moniz; Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra: Rosa Velho, Rui Tomé, Celeste Pontes; Hospital de Vila Real: Ana Paula Castro; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto: Mª. Olinda Basílio, Mª da Graça Martins, Cristiana Pereira, Engrácia Raposo, Maria de Lurdes Magalhães, Helena Rocha.

 

Recebido para publicação/received for publication: 05.12.13

Aceite para publicação/accepted for publication: 06.01.04