Disfonia em Professoras do Primeiro Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Prevalência e Factores de Risco

 

Susana Vaz Freitas

Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto

 

Resumo

Objectivo: Quantificar a prevalência de disfonia numa amostra de professoras do litoral norte de Portugal e determinar quais os factores e sintomatologia associados. Desenho do estudo: Estudo transversal efectuado em professoras do ensino público, com componente lectiva, do primeiro ciclo do ensino básico. Participantes: Participaram 1158 dos 2333 professores contactados (proporção de resposta: 49,6%). As 922 professoras da amostra preencheram um questionário geral construído especificamente para este estudo, com perguntas para caracterização socio-demográfica, perfil profissional, auto-percepção de disfonia, presença de sintomas concomitantes, hábitos pessoais e estilos de vida. Medidas de resultado: Prevalência de disfonia auto-percebida e sintomas associados, de acordo com factores de risco pessoais e ocupacionais. Resultados: A prevalência de disfonia nas docentes foi 10,6%, crescendo significativamente com a idade (p=0,004) com o número de anos de profissão (p=0,002). As queixas vocais mais percepcionadas foram as alterações da sensibilidade laríngea (dor laríngea - 62,8%, secura - 61,9%) e a rouquidão (64,3%). Todas (excepto a dor e o ardor) associam-se significativamente à prevalência de disfonia (p< 0,001). Conclusões: As professoras apresentam uma elevada prevalência de alterações vocais, que aumenta com a idade e os anos de actividade lectiva. Os hábitos e as características de estilo de vida não tiveram um papel significativo na variável estudada.

 

Palavras-chave: professores; voz; disfonia; prevalência; factores de risco.

 

Dysphonia in Teachers of the First Grade of Education

Objective: To quantify the prevalence of dysphonia in a sample of teachers of the north of Portugal and to determine what factors and symptoms are associated to it. Study design: Cross-sectional study of teachers in the public service, with lecture component, of the first grade of education (primary). Participants: Participated 1158 of the 2333 teachers contacted (proportion of answers: 49.6%). The 922 female teachers filled a general questionnaire built to this study, with questions that allowed the identification, professional characterisation, auto-perception and symptoms of dysphonia, and description of the habits and lifestyle. Measures of results: Prevalence of auto-perceived dysphonia and associated symptoms, for each of the personal and occupational factors. Results: The prevalence of dysphonia in teachers was 10.6%, growing significantly with age (p= 0.004) and with the number of years of teaching (p=0.002). The more perceived symptoms were from laryngeal sensibility (pain - 62.8%, dryness - 61.9%) and hoarseness (64.3%). All (except pain and burn up) reflected significantly in the prevalence of dysphonia (p< 0.001). Conclusions: Teachers have a high prevalence of dysphonia, which rises with age and years of teaching activity. The habits and lifestyle characteristics did not have a significant role in the variable studied.

Key-words: teachers; voice; dysphonia; prevalence; risk factors.

 

 

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Correspondência:

Dr.ª Susana Vaz Freitas

Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia

Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto

Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro 4200-319 Porto

e-mail: susana.freitas@clix.pt