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Análise Psicológica

 ISSN 0870-8231

     

 

Desenvolvimento e validação da Escala de Auto-Eficácia para Utilizadores de Cadeira de Rodas

 

Anabela Correia Martins (*)

José Luís Pais Ribeiro (**)

 

RESUMO

A percepção de auto-eficácia enquadra-se no controlo pessoal das acções, refere-se às expectativas pessoais quanto à sua capacidade para realizar um comportamento específico desejado. Não é uma característica generalizada da personalidade, podendo variar, na mesma pessoa, de tarefa para tarefa, assim como do grau de conhecimento que este detém (Bandura, 1997). Uma revisão extensa da literatura teve como objectivo identificar escalas genéricas e específicas de auto-eficácia, tendo sido gerada uma lista de itens, posteriormente seleccionados e cotados, de acordo com as recomendações de Bandura (2001b).

Num estudo preliminar que incluiu 73 pessoas utilizadoras de cadeira de rodas (46.6% mulheres; média de idades = 39 anos, DP = 14.5; médias de anos de utilização de cadeira de rodas = 12, DP = 7.5) foi testada a validade e a fidelidade do instrumento; o Alfa de Cronbach para a escala total é de 0.81 e para as três escalas – gestão dos sintomas, procura de estratégias e confiança nas capacidades – 0.80, 0.70 e 0.77, respectivamente. Após análise exploratória, com rotação varimax, foram replicados três factores, correspondentes às três sub-escalas, cuja variância total explicada é de 58,63%.

Palavras-chave: Utilizadores de cadeira de rodas, medida de resultados, auto-eficácia.

 

ABSTRACT

Studies showed that a person’s confidence in being able to perform a behaviour (self-efficacy) is a good predictor of social participation. As no specifically instrument designed to measure wheelchair users perception of self-efficacy existed, we developed the Wheelchair-Related Self-Efficacy Scale and tested its psychometric properties. An extensive literature review was conducted to identify general and specific self-efficacy outcome measures. The instrument was developed and subjected to wheelchair users to the initial validation and reliability tests. Analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. Questionnaires for 73 respondents (46.6% female; mean [SD] age, 39 [14.5] years; and mean [SD] number of years since adoption of the wheelchair, 12 [7.5] years) were analyzed. Using factor analysis with varimax rotation, three subscales explained 58.6% of the variance in our 13-item questionnaire. The domains reflecting three aspects of wheelchair-related self-efficacy: symptoms management, finding strategies and confidence in one’s own abilities. Cronbach’s alpha of the entire instrument was 0.81, and for the three individual scales scores were 0.80, 0.70 and 0.77, respectively. Correlations were moderate-to-high. The psychometric properties of the Wheelchair-Related Self-Efficacy Scale seem to be highly acceptable. Further validation of its use across different cultural settings is required.

Key words: Wheelchair users, outcome measures, self-efficacy.

 

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(*) Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra (Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Saúde Ocupacional e Ambiental. Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Porto. E-mail: anabelacmartins@estescoimbra.pt

(**) Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Porto.

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