Qualidade das relações familiares, auto-estima, autoconceito e rendimento académico

 

FRANCISCO PEIXOTO (*)

 

 

RESUMO

É normalmente aceite que a construção das auto-representações (i.e., autoconceito ou auto-estima) é mediada socialmente. As relações estabelecidas com outros significativos (nomeadamente com a família) são particularmente importantes para a construção de autoconceitos e auto-estima positivos. A qualidade das relações estabelecidas no seio da família surge, também, frequentemente associada ao rendimento académico. O objectivo deste estudo foi explorar as relações entre a qualidade das relações familiares, autoconceito, autoestima e rendimento académico. Os participantes foram 265 alunos dos 7.º, 9.º e 11.º anos de escolaridade. Os dados foram recolhidos através da aplicação de uma escala de autoconceito e auto-estima e de uma escala para avaliar a percepção da qualidade das relações familiares. Os resultados evidenciam efeitos principais do rendimento académico e da qualidade das relações familiares nas auto-representações. O rendimento académico introduz diferenças nas dimensões académicas do autoconceito, mas não na auto-estima. A percepção da qualidade do relacionamento familiar produz efeitos nalgumas dimensões relacionadas com a escola (Comportamento e Competência a Português), em dimensões interpessoais (Aceitação Social e Atracção Romântica) e na Aparência Física. Os resultados mostram igualmente que a associação entre auto-estima e a qualidade das relações familiares sofre algumas modificações durante a adolescência.

Palavras-chave: Auto-representações, relações familiares, adolescência.

 

 

ABSTRACT

It is normally accepted that the construction of self-representations (e.g., self-concept or self-esteem) is socially mediated. The relationships with significant others (namely with family) are particularly important on positives self-concept and self-esteem. The quality of relationships with the family is equally important on school achievement. This study aims to explore the relations between the quality of family relationships, self-concept, self-esteem and school achievement. Participants were 265 students attending the 7th, 9th and 11th grade. Data was collected using a self-concept and self-esteem scale and a scale to measure the quality of family relationship perceptions. Results point to major effects of school achievement and quality of family relationships on self-representations. School achievement introduces differences on academic dimensions of self-concept but not in self-esteem. The perception of the quality of family relationship has major effects on some dimensions related to school (Behavior and Portuguese Competence), on interpersonal dimensions (Social Acceptance and Romantic Appeal) and on Physical Appearance. Results also show that the association between self-esteem and the quality of family relationship suffer some modifications during adolescence.

Key words: Self-representations, family relationships, adolescence.

 

 

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(*) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa. UIPCDE. E-mail: fpeixoto@ispa.pt