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Análise Psicológica

versão impressa ISSN 0870-8231

Aná. Psicológica v.21 n.3 Lisboa jul. 2003

 

Dizer «não» aos estereótipos sociais: As ironias do controlo mental

 

DORA LUISA GERALDES BERNARDES (*)

 

RESUMO

Inúmeras razões levam a que, frequentemente, o percipiente social tente activamente inibir os pensamentos estereotípicos antes que estes influenciem os seus julgamentos e comportamentos. A eficácia desta estratégia, no entanto, tem sido questionada pela área da psicologia interessada pelo controlo mental. De facto, a investigação recente tem mostrado que quando as pessoas tentam activamente suprimir pensamentos indesejados, estes subsequentemente reaparecem à consciência ainda com maior insistência do que caso não tivessem sido suprimidos inicialmente produzindo, deste modo, um efeito de ricochete (e.g., Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). O presente artigo tem como principal objectivo apresentar uma revisão teórica da supressão de pensamentos procurando identificar os potenciais mediadores do efeito de ricochete após um período de supressão do estereótipo. Apesar do efeito de ricochete do estereótipo ocorrer em algumas condições, defende-se que uma compreensão mais abrangente deste fenómeno requer a consideração de um vasto conjunto de possíveis factores mediadores.

Palavras-chave: Estereotipização social, supressão de pensamentos, efeito de ricochete.

 

ABSTRACT

For a variety of reasons, social perceivers may often attempt to actively inhibit stereotypic thoughts before their effects impinge on judgement and behaviour. However, research on the psychology of mental control raises doubts about the efficacy of this strategy. Indeed, this work suggests that when people attempt to suppress unwanted thoughts, these thoughts are likely to subsequently reappear with even greater insistence than if they had never been suppressed (i.e., a «rebound» effect). The present article comprises a review of the literature about this ironic effect concerning unwanted stereotypic thoughts about others. Although stereotype rebound occurs under some circumstances, it is suggested that a complete understanding of this phenomenon requires a consideration of the full array of possible moderating influences.

Key words: Social stereotyping, thought suppression, rebound effect.

 

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

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(*) School of Psychology, University of Exeter.

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