Treino de modelagem e visualização mental: Avaliação dos efeitos nas expectativas de auto-eficácia e desempenho de atletas de patinagem

 

ANA RAMIRES (*)

CAROLINA CARAPETA (**)

FILIPA FELGUEIRAS (***)

MIGUEL FARO VIANA (****)

 

 

RESUMO

Este trabalho procurou avaliar de que modo um programa de duas semanas de treino de modelagem e de visualização mental poderia afectar as expectativas de eficácia pessoal e o rendimento de um grupo de atletas de patinagem artística. Os sujeitos (19), todos do sexo feminino, foram afectos a uma de três condições experimentais: grupo de controlo, sem tratamento (n=7), grupo experimental, apenas com um tratamento de modelagem (n=6) e grupo experimental com um tratamento de modelagem e visualização mental (n=6).

Os resultados do estudo revelaram que não foi possível potencializar as expectativas de eficácia pessoal e o desempenho das atletas através dos tratamentos experimentais, num período de duas semanas. No entanto, apesar das limitações impostas pela dimensão da amostra e pelo curto período de tempo de duração do programa, foi possível constatar que: a) as expectativas de auto-eficácia demonstraram ser melhores preditoras do desempenho do que as expectativas de resultado; b) o desempenho passado joga um papel crucial na formação das expectativas de auto-eficácia; c) os programas experimentais permitiram incrementar a percepção das atletas relativamente ao nível de desempenho que poderiam vir a alcançar face às competências técnicas e motoras que detinham no início do programa.

Palavras-chave: Auto-eficácia, visualização mental, modelagem.

 

 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper was to determine in what manner a training program of modelling and mental imagery (during two weeks) could affect the self-efficacy expectations and performance of an group of athletes from artistic skating. The subjects (19 girls) were distributed to one of three experimental conditions: control group (n=7), experimental group (n=6), with a training program of modelling; and a second experimental group (n=6) with a training program of modelling plus a program of mental imagery.

The results showed that the experimental groups didn't improve the self-efficacy expectations and performance during the two weeks of study. However, despite the sample's dimension limitations and the short-length of the program (two weeks) it was possible to establish that: (a) the self-efficacy expectations showed to be better predictors of performance than the outcome expectations; (b) the past performance plays an important role in formation of self-efficacy; (c) the experimental programs improved the self-perception of athletes regarding the level of performance that could accomplish attending the motor and technical skills which they had in the beginning of the program.

Key words: Self-efficacy, imagery, modelling.

 

 

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(*) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa.

(**) CERCI Portalegre.

(***) Psicóloga.

(****) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa.