Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS)

 

José Luis Pais Ribeiro (*)

 

RESUMO

O objectivo é construir uma escala de avaliação da satisfação com o suporte social recebido. Assume-se que o suporte social percebido tem um papel importante na saúde e no bem-estar tanto das pessoas sem doença, como nas que estão em recuperação ou vivem com uma doença. Recorreu-se a uma amostra de jovens sem doença, 47% homens. Construiu-se uma escala com 15 itens, com resposta tipo likert, com base na validade de conteúdo de cada item para avaliarem a satisfação com o suporte social proveniente de várias fontes, e com as actividades sociais. A escala inclui quatro sub-escalas com valores de consistência interna variando entre 0,64 e 0,83, com um valor de 0,85 para a escala total. Inspeccionou-se a validade discriminante dos itens e a validade concorrente com medidas associadas à saúde tanto pela positiva como pela negativa, tendo-se encontrado valores que confirmam a validade da escala para avaliar a percepção de suporte social em contextos de saúde.

Palavras-chave: Suporte social, saúde, doença crónica.

 

ABSTRACT

The objective is to create a scale to evaluate the satisfaction with the social support received. It is assumed that the social support received plays an important role in health and well being, both in healthy people, those recuperating or those living with a disease. A sample of young healthy people, 47% males, was used. A scale with 15 items was built, with Likert type response, with a basis on content validity of each item, in order to evaluate the level of satisfaction regarding the social support received from different sources, and with social activities. The scale includes four sub-scales with internal consistency values varying between 0,64 and 0,83, with a value of 0,85 for the total scale. The discriminating validity as well as the concurrent validity of the items was analysed with measures related to health, both on the positive as well as the negative side. The values found that confirm the validity of the scale in evaluating perceptions of social support within a health context.

Key words: Social support, health, chronic disease.

 

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(*) Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto. Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa.