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Análise Psicológica

versão impressa ISSN 0870-8231

Aná. Psicológica v.16 n.1 Lisboa mar. 1998

 

Cognitive status as a risk factor for maladjustment in children with a physical disability (*)

 

Jan L. Wallander (**)

Lise M. Becker (**)

 

 

ABSTRACT

Investigated the association between cognitive status and adjustment in children who have a physical disability, in three independent studies. In Study 1, 119 mothers reported on the cognitive status and behavioral adjustment of their children, ages 2-18, who had varying physical or sensory impairments. In Study 2, the intellectual level of 50 children, ages 6-11, with either spina bifida or cerebral palsy, was estimated from cognitive test information while mothers reported on the children's behavioral adjustment. In Study 3, 66 adolescents, ages 11-18, with a physical disability completed an IQ test and reported on their behavioral adjustment, as did their mothers. Severity of physical disability was also assessed in each study. No relationships could be found between any index of cognitive status and any adjustment measure when controlling for severity of physical disability. The overwhelming majority of zero-order relationships were also not significant. These findings were discussed in relation to Wallander and Varni's Disability-Stress-Coping model of adjustment in children with chronic physical conditions.

Key words: Children, physical disability, adjustment, cognitive functioning.

 

RESUMO

Este artigo descreve investigações sobre a associação entre o estatuto cognitivo e o ajustamento em crianças com deficiência física, em três estudos independentes. No Estudo 1, 119 mães prestaram informação acerca do estatuto cognitivo e do ajustamento comportamental dos seus filhos, com idades entre os 2 e os 18 anos, e com graus variáveis de deficiência física ou sensorial. No Estudo 2, o nível intelectual de 50 crianças, com idades entre os 6 e os 11 anos e com spina bifida ou com paralisia cerebral, foi estimado a partir de testes cognitivos e de relatos maternos sobre o seu ajustamento comportamental. No Estudo 3, 66 adolescentes, com idades entre os 11 e os 18 anos e com deficiência física, realizaram um teste de QI e prestaram informação sobre o seu ajustamento comportamental, relato que também foi feito pelas suas mães. Em cada estudo, a gravidade da deficiência física foi também avaliada. Controlando a variável «gravidade da deficiência física», não foi possível encontrar relações entre qualquer índice de estatuto cognitivo e qualquer medida de ajustamento. A grande maioria de relações de ordem zero também não era significativa. Estes resultados são discutidos em função do modelo de Wallander e Varni «Disability-Stress-Coping» sobre o ajustamento em crianças com deficiências físicas crónicas.

Palavras-chave: Crianças, deficiência física, ajustamento, funcionamento cognitivo.

 

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

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(*) This research was supported by grants R23 HD24322, R01 HD25210, and K04 HD00867 awarded to the first author. Address correspondence regarding this paper to: Jan L. Wallander, Ph.D., University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan International Research Center, SC 313, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA.

(**) University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.

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