A Piroecologia do Pinheiro Bravo

Paulo Fernandes*¹, Hermínio Botelho** e Francisco Rego***

 

*Investigador Auxiliar

**Professor Associado

Centro de Estudos em Gestão de Ecossistemas. Departamento Florestal. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Quinta de Prados, 5000-911 VILA REAL

***Professor Associado com Agregação

Centro de Ecologia Aplicada Prof. Baeta Neves. Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 LISBOA

 

 

Sumário. O pinheiro bravo apresenta características interpretáveis como adaptações evolutivas ao fogo e que são compatíveis com as estratégias de resistência (casca espessa), que responde adequadamente à ocorrência de fogos de severidade ecológica reduzida, e de evasão (pinhas com deiscência térmica), correspondente a fogos de severidade elevada. Embora esta simultaneidade de estratégias pressuponha a capacidade de persistência face a regimes de fogo variáveis ou mistos, o grau de desenvolvimento e de coexistência das características em causa é bastante variável entre as populações ibéricas da espécie. Assim, três regimes de fogo são distinguíveis: fogo de substituição, de severidade elevada e ocorrência imprevisível; fogo de desbaste, de severidade reduzida ou moderada; e fogo de substituição, de severidade elevada.

Palavras-chave: Pinus pinaster; ecologia do fogo; efeitos do fogo; regime de fogo; dinâmica da vegetação

 

The Fire Ecology of Maritime Pine

Abstract. Maritime pine has characteristics that can be interpreted as evolutionary adaptations to fire and are consistent with the strategies of resistance (thick bark), an adequate response to low-severity fire occurrence, and evasion (cone serotiny), correspondent to high-severity fire. Such concurrent strategies should enable persistence under a variable or mixed fire regime, but the development and coexistence of the traits involved varies among Iberian populations of the species. Three distinct fire regimes can therefore be distinguished: high-severity, stand-replacement, unpredictable fire; thinning fire of low to moderate severity; and high-severity, stand-replacement fire.

Key words: Pinus pinaster; fire ecology; fire effects; fire regime; vegetation dynamics

 

L'Écologie du Feu du Pin Maritime

Résumé. Le pin maritime présente des caractéristiques qui peuvent être interprétées comme des adaptations évolutives au feu et qui sont compatibles avec les stratégies de résistance (écorce épaisse), qui répondent de façon appropriée à l'occurrence de feux de sévérité écologique réduite, et d'évasion (cônes avec déhiscence thermique), correspondant à des feux de sévérité élevée. De telles stratégies concourantes devraient permettre la persistance sous un régime de feu variable ou mixte, mais le développement et la coexistence des caractéristiques impliquées change parmi les populations ibériennes de l'espèce. Trois régimes distincts du feu peuvent donc être distingués: feu de substitution, de sévérité élevée et d'occurrence imprévisible; feu d'éclaircie, de sévérité réduite ou modérée; et feu de substitution, de sévérité élevée.

Mots clés: Pinus pinaster; écologie du feu; effets du feu; régime de feu; dynamique de la végétation

 

 

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Entregue para publicação em Janeiro de 2004

Aceite para publicação em Agosto de 2004

 

¹ 1º Autor E-mail: ffern@utad.pt