Aplicações para as Cascas de Árvores e para os Extractos Taninosos: Uma Revisão

Fernando Caldeira Jorge¹*, Paulo Brito**, Lina Pepino***, António Portugal****, Helena Gil**** e Rui Pereira da Costa*****

*Investigador

WOODTECH - Consultadoria e Intermediação Tecnológica para as Indústrias dos Produtos Florestais, Lda. Rua da República, 198 - Alagoas – 3810 159 AVEIRO

** Estudante de Doutoramento, ***Bolseira e ****Professor Associado

Departamento de Engenharia Química. Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 COIMBRA

*****Director-Geral

Bresfor. Indústria do Formol, Apartado 13, 3834-908 GAFANHA DA NAZARÉ

 

Sumário. De forma a dar uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento de processos tendentes ao aproveitamento da casca de pinheiro bravo, recurso abundante em Portugal, é apresentada, de uma forma resumida, a importância que os extractos da casca ou do cerne de algumas espécies florestais ricos em taninos têm hoje em dia, assim como as próprias cascas. Inclui-se uma definição do termo taninos e aborda-se a sua química. Discutem-se as suas principais aplicações actuais, sejam as já implantadas a nível industrial, sejam os últimos resultados de investigação, no que diz respeito ao curtimento de peles, aos adesivos para madeira, a produtos farmacêuticos e biocidas, a resinas de troca iónica, a painéis de casca e a combustíveis.

Palavras-chave: cascas; taninos; utilizações; revisão

 

Abstract. In order to give a contribution to the development of processes aiming at making use of maritime pine bark, an abundant resource in Portugal, this paper highlights, in short, the nowadays importance of extracts of the bark or heartwood of some forest species, as well as the barks themselves. It is included a definition of tannins and their chemistry is described. The main applications are discussed, either those already established at the industrial scale or the latest research results: leather tanning, wood adhesives, pharmaceuticals and biocides, ion exchange resins, bark panels and use as fuel.

Key words: barks; tannins; utilisations; review

 

Résumé. Pour contribuer au développement des procédés d'utilisation de l'écorce du pin maritime, qui est une ressource abondante au Portugal, on souligne au long de ce texte, en abrégé, l'importance qu'ont aujourd'hui les extraits de l'écorce ou du cerne de quelques espèces forestières riches en tannins, ainsi que des écorces seules. Y est incluse une définition du mot tannins et un abordage de leur chimie. On discute les principales applications actuelles, soit celles qui sont déjà établies au niveau industriel, soit les derniers résultats de la recherche: la tannage du cuir, les adhésifs pour des dérivés du bois, les produits chimiques pharmaceutiques ou les biocides, les résines d'échange ionique, les panneaux d'écorce ou les combustibles.

Mots clés: écorces; tannins; utilisations; révision

 

 

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Submetido para publicação em Janeiro de 2001

Aceite para publicação em Julho de 2001

 

¹1º Autor E-mail: mail@woodtech.pt