Estratégias sociais criativas em Barcelona. O caso do walden-7

 

Isabel André^*, Muriel Rousselle^**

^*Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, Universidade de Lisboa E-mail: isabelandre@campus.ul.pt

^**Rede de Bibliotecas Públicas de Barcelona. E-mail: roussellerm@diba.cat

 

RESUMO – Sendo Barcelona uma metrópole reconhecida como meio inovador, reflectimos neste artigo sobre as condições e as oportunidades que oferece para a inovação social, ou seja, para o desenvolvimento de estratégias criativas que apontem novas soluções para problemas sociais sem resposta adequada. Centramos esta reflexão na produção do espaço urbano residencial e focamos, em particular, o caso do Walden-7 em Sant Just Desvern, Área Metropolitana de Barcelona, uma experiência com 4 décadas, frequentemente referida como uma “utopia urbana realizada”. Trata-se de uma intervenção muito precoce de regeneração urbana, onde o desenho dos espaços colectivos, a concepção de novas relações de vizinhança e organização interna dos apartamentos deixaram traços marcantes de inovação social. Neste artigo, pretende-se, sobretudo, equacionar o papel da adversidade como impulso socialmente criativo, bem como a temporalidade e o percurso das inovações sociais.

Palavras-chave: Inovação social, meio socialmente criativo, utopia urbana, Walden-7, Barcelona.

 

Creative social strategies in Barcelona. The Walden-7 case.

ABSTRACT – The metropolis of Barcelona is widely recognised as an innovating milieu. This article focuses on the conditions and opportunities the city offers for social innovation, that is to say the development of creative strategies pointing at new solutions for social problems left without adequate answers. We focus our study upon the development of residential urban space and we take a special interest in the Walden-7 case, located at Sant Just Desvern, Metropolitan Area of Barcelona -four decades of experience frequently referred to as an “accomplished urban utopia”. The Walden-7 is a very early intervention of urban regeneration where the design of collective space, the conception of new neighbourhood relationships and the inside organisation of the apartments have left striking marks of social innovation. This article highlights the role played by adversity as a socially creative impulse alongside the temporality and the course of social innovations.

Key words: Social innovation, socially creative milieu, urban utopias, Walden7, Barcelona.

 

Stratégies sociales créatives à Barcelone. Le cas du Walden-7.

RESUME – Barcelone étant une métropole reconnue comme milieu innovateur, nous tâchons ici de réfléchir sur les conditions et les opportunités qu’elle offre quant à l’innovation sociale, c’est-à-dire quant au développement de stratégies créatives tendant vers de nouvelles solutions face à des problèmes sociaux demeurés sans réponse adéquate. Nous centrons cette réflexion autour de la production de l’espace urbain résidentiel et nous nous intéressons en particulier au cas du Walden-7 à Sant Just Desvern, Zone Métropolitaine de Barcelone, une expérience sur bientôt 4 décennies fréquemment citée comme exemple d’utopie urbaine réalisée. Il s’agit d’une intervention très précoce de régénération urbaine, où la conception des espaces collectifs, celle de nouveaux rapports entre voisins et l’organisation interne des appartements ont laissé des traces marquantes d’innovation sociale. Dans cet article, nous visons principalement à souligner le rôle de l’adversité comme élan socialement créatif au même titre que la temporalité et le cours des innovations sociales.

Mots-clés: Innovation sociale, milieu socialement créatif, utopie urbaine, Walden-7, Barcelone.

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

BIBLIOGRAFIA

André I, Abreu A (2009) Social creativity and post-rural places: the case of Montemor-o-Novo, Portugal. Canadian Journal of Regional Science/Revue Canadienne des Sciences Régionales, XXXII (1): 101-114.         [ Links ]

André I, Abreu A (2006) Dimensões e espaços da inovação social. Finisterra – Revista Portuguesa de Geografia, XLI(81): 121-141.         [ Links ]

Banyuls i Pérez A (2002) Arquitectura per al turisme: la utopia urbana de Bofill i el Taller de Arquitectura a la Manzanera (1962-1985). Aguaits 19-20: 129-161.         [ Links ]

Bofill Levi A (2009) Generation of forms/kunstlerische Formgebung: space to inhabit, time to think/ Raum zum wohnen, Zeit für Reflexion. Art Stock Books Ltd, Stuttgart.

Bofill Levi A (2005) Vivienda y espacio comunitario. Jornadas Urbanismo y Género. Una visión necesaria para todo el mundo, Barcelona.

Bofill R (1989) Espaces d’une Vie. Ed. Odile Jacob, Paris.

Bourret M (1999) De l’échec urbanistique au sarcasme littéraire: Walden 7 de Ricardo Bofill. IRIS, Montpellier.

Carnelave P (2006) Creativity in the outcomes of conflict. In Deutsh M, Coleman et al. (eds) The hanbook of conflict resolution: theory and practice. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco: 414-454.

Defourny D, Develtere P (1999) the social economy: the worldwide making of a third sector. In Defourny J et al. (eds.) L’économie sociale au Nord et au Sud, Deboeck, Bruxelles.

Esping-Andersen G (1990) The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Polity Press & Princeton, Princeton University Press, Cambridge.

Fernández Carbajal, A (2003) La política de vivienda en España durante el franquismo. Ciudad y Territorio -Estudios Territoriales, XXXV(138): 639-654.         [ Links ]

Gertler M (2004) Creative cities: what are they for, how do they work, and how do we build them? Canadian Policy Research Networks, Ottawa.

Jacobs J, Fincher R (1998) Cities of Difference. Guilford Press, New York.

Klein J-L (2005) Iniciativa local y desarrollo: respuesta social a la globalización neoliberal. EURE, XXXI(094): 25-39.         [ Links ]

Klein J-L, Harrison D (eds) (2007) L’innovation sociale – emergence et effets sur la transformation des sociétés. Presses de l’Université du Québec, Québec.

Martinelli et al. (coord.) (2003) Social innovation, governance and community building – singocom -scientific periodic progress report month 18. (http://users.skynet.be/bk368453/singocom/index2.html) [Acedido em 12/02/2010].

Moulaert F, Ailenei O (2005) Social economy, third sector and solidarity relations: a conceptual synthesis from history to present. Urban Studies, 42 (11): 2037-2053.         [ Links ]

Moulaert F, Demuynck H, Nussbaumer J (2004) Urban renaissance: from physical beautification to social empowerment. Lessons from Bruges -Cultural Capital of Europe 2002. City, 8(2): 229-235.         [ Links ]

Moulaert F, MacCallum D, Hillier J, Vicari S (eds) (2009) Social innovation and territorial development. Ashgate, Farnham.

Roberts P, Sykes H (eds) (2000) Urban regeneration: a handbook. Sage Publications, London.

Runco M (2004) Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55: 657–87.         [ Links ]

Smyth H (1993) Marketing the city. The role of flagship developments in urban regeneration. Taylor & Francis, London.

Solé i Ubeda J, Amigó J, Miserachs X (1995) Walden 7 i mig. Ed. L’Ajuntament Sant Just Desvern.

Tremblay D-G, Klein J-L, Fontan J-M (2005) Innovation socioterritoriale et reconversion économique: Le cas de Montréal. Editions L’Harmattan, Paris.

 

Recebido: 21/07/2010. Aceite: 26/11/2010.