Multi-Element Composition and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of Wines and Their Potentialities as Fingerprints of Wine Provenance

 

C. Marisa R. Almeida, M. Teresa S. D. Vasconcelos¹

 

Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto. Rua do Campo Alegre, 687. 4169-007 PORTO. Portugal.

¹mtvascon@fc.up.pt

(Manuscrito recebido em 02.05.03. Aceite para publicação em 10.06.03.)

 

 

SUMMARY

The potentialities of both multi-element composition and the ratio ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr as tracers of wine provenance were evaluated, by studying the relative influence of the provenance soil and vinification process on these two parameters. With this purpose, two wines were selected: one red table wine and one red fortified wine, both from the Douro wine-district, Portugal. The values of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio were also determined in ten wines of different regions of origin.

Both vinification processes changed the multi-element composition of the wines. Nevertheless, significant and linear correlations were obtained between the patterns of the wines and that of the respective musts prepared in the laboratory (without contact with the vinification system), as well as between those of the wine and of the provenance soil. Regarding ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, statistically identical values were found in the wines, respective musts and provenance soil. In addition, significant differences in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were found in wines from different regions of origin.

Therefore, the multi-element composition together with the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio showed to be suitable to act as fingerprints of the origin of a wine. A database of these parameters in different wines will be very useful for discriminating wines by regions in order to detect/prevent wine fraud.

Keywords: wine, multi-element composition, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, fingerprints of provenance

 

 

RESUMO

Composição multi-elementar e razão isotópica de estrôncio como marcadores da região de proveniência de vinhos

Com o objectivo de investigar as potencialidades da composição multi-elementar e da razão ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr como marcadores da região de proveniência de um vinho, seleccionaram-se duas vinhas da região vinícola do Douro e determinou-se ambos os parâmetros no solo, no mosto e nos vinhos produzidos. Seguidamente avaliou-se a influência relativa do solo de proveniência e do processo de vinificação na composição multi-elementar e na razão ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr dos vinhos (um vinho de mesa e um vinho licoroso, ambos tintos). Determinou-se também a razão ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr em dez vinhos provenientes de diferentes regiões.

Constatou-se que apesar dos processos de vinificação alterarem (aumentando ou diminuindo) as concentrações de diversos elementos nos vinhos, existiam correlações significativas e lineares entre as composições multi-elementares do vinho e do respectivo mosto preparado no laboratório (sem contacto com o sistema de vinificação), bem como entre a composição das matrizes do vinho e do solo de proveniência. Os valores de ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr foram estatisticamente idênticos nos vinhos, nos respectivos mostos e no solo de proveniência. Por outro lado, encontraram-se diferenças significativas entre os valores da razão ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr em vinhos de diferentes regiões de origens.

Estes resultados indicam que a composição multi-elementar conjuntamente com o valor da razão ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr poderão funcionar como impressões digitais da região de proveniência de um vinho. É, portanto, de esperar, que uma base de dados com estes parâmetros para diferentes vinhos seja muito útil para discriminar vinhos por regiões de origem no sentido de detectar/prevenir fraudes vinícolas.

Palavras-chave: vinho, composição multi-elementar, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, marcadores de proveniência

 

 

RESUME

Potentialités de la composition multi-élémentaire et du rapport ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr des vins comme empreintes digitales de sa provenance

Dans ce travail on a évalué les potentialités de la composition multi-éléments et du rapport ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr comme outils pour la détermination de la provenance du vin. Dan ce but, en avons recherché l’influence relative du sol et du procédé de vinification pour deux vins de la région du Douro, Portugal. Le rapport ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr a également été déterminé dans dix vins provenant de régions d’origine différents.

Les procédés de vinification influencent la composition en minéraux des vins, toutefois on a obtenu des corrélations significatives et linéaires entre la composition en multi-éléments du vin et celle du moût correspondant (préparés dans le laboratoire donc sans aucun contact avec le système de vinification), il en est de même entre celles du vin et du sol de provenance. Le rapport ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr est statistiquement identique dans les vins, les moûts correspondants et le sol de provenance. En plus, des différences significatives dans le rapport ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr existent entre des vins de différentes régions d’origine. Donc, la composition en multi-éléments et le rapport ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr semblent être utilisable comme une empreinte de l’origine d’un vin.

On suppose qu’une base de données de ces paramètres serait très utile pour caractériser les vins selon leur région d’origine ceci il va permettre la détection/prévention des fraudes vinicoles.

 

 

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To “Fundação para a Ciência & Tecnologia”, Lisbon, Portugal, for C. M. R.

A. Ph. D. scholarship (PRAXIS XXI/BD/16028/98) and equipment (Proj. 27/ M/90).