Abstract

PINTO, Marta Laranjeiro  and  BALTAZAR, Ana Lúcia. Trihalomethanes presence in the water: potencial risks. Acta Port Nutr [online]. 2020, n.21, pp.32-37. ISSN 2183-5985.  https://doi.org/10.21011/apn.2020.2107.

Chlorine is the most used chemical to disinfect water. Nevertheless, the reaction is not complete, and the remaining chlorine reacts with organic compounds present in the water leading to the formation of trihalomethanes. The legal limits for these compounds in drinking water vary from country to country, but guidelines from the European Union established 80 µg/L as the maximum accepted concentration. The objective of this review work was to analyze the Portuguese situation regarding trihalomethanes levels in the water, assess possible health risks and strategies to reduce their levels. Several epidemiological studies have reported an association between long-time exposure to higher trihalomethanes levels and cancer risk. Despite conflicting data, the stronger associations were for bladder, rectal and pancreatic cancer. One of the limitations of these studies is related to the difficulty in controlling confounding factors. In this sense, although the usual focus is trihalomethanes ingestion through drinking water, there are other forms of exposure, specifically dermic and inhalation. The first is particularly relevant during shower, due to the heated water, and the second when attending swimming pools. Other reported health problems due to trihalomethanes exposure include infertility and pregnancy complications, but these require additional research. In conclusion, many factors are still unknown regarding the impact of trihalomethanes on human health. Future investigations should take into consideration the cumulative exposure through different routes to obtain comprehensive and relevant conclusions.

Keywords : Cancer; Chlorination; Chlorine; Swimming pools.

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