Abstract

PEREZ-CAYEIRO, María Luisa; RUIZ, Juan Adolfo Chica; GARRIDO, Manuel Arcila  and  SANCHEZ, José Antonio López. Análisis de la evolución de las metodologias de gestión integrada de áreas litorales en los periodos comprendidos entre 1990-1999 y 2000-2012. RGCI [online]. 2016, vol.16, n.2, pp.207-222. ISSN 1646-8872.  https://doi.org/10.5894/rgci615.

In this paper the developed methods of Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) since the 90s, and their characteristics are reviewed. The analysis focuses on the methodological foundations of the discipline, encompassing various models formulated. These models, in turn, are classified chronologically into two groups: First, those from the 90s of the previous century, and secondly, those proposed in the course of the currentcentury. In addition, certain formal and theoretical aspects of the discipline are discussed: Concepts and terms that mark the evolution of ICZM as process, and the limits adopted in the definition of the geographical area. The method must take a clear and logical structure in order to progress effectively in the management process. Most of the analyzed methodological schemes are structured between four and six major stages that occur sequentially. These, in turn, are subdivided into interlinked stages within a single process. The study shows the following results: in the methodological patterns developed in the period from 1992 to 1999 no significant differences between the revised methodology are appreciated, which are mostly characterized by a sequence of similar actions. Almost all hand books and documents emphasize the importance of identifying and assessing the problems and conflicts, because they are usually the reasons for management to undertake an initiative of this kind. When an integrated vision that has different methodologies is discussed, it emphasizes the idea of a horizontal integration. According to this, it should be the maximum number of uses and economic activities, as well as affected natural resources, especially taking the diagnostic phase into account. However, from 2000 innovations in management processes begin to be introduced. Mainly, applied methodologies to specific areas or really aimed at implementing a specific principle of ICZM are highlighted. Notably, it gives greater importance to the technical aspect of participation. Also, the stages of evaluation and improvement gain prominence. It is important to remember that a full cycle of coastal management needs over several years or decades to obtain achievements. The ecosystem approach is assumed in coastal management, especially in the phases under planning. This management approach whose principle is the conservation of the structure and functioning of the ecosystem and appropriate timescales appears on the proposals of the past decade.

Keywords : Integrated coastal zone management; methodology; evolution.

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