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vol.15 número2Avaliação do clima de ondas da praia de Ponta Negra (RN, Brasil) através do uso do SMC-Brasil e sua contribuição à gestão costeiraSituação ecológica, socioeconómica e de governança após a implementação do primeiro plano de ordenamento no Parque Marinho Professor Luiz Saldanha (Arrábida, Portugal): II - percepções de utentes índice de autoresíndice de assuntosPesquisa de artigos
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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada

versão On-line ISSN 1646-8872

Resumo

STRATOUDAKIS, Yorgos et al. Ecological, socioeconomic and governance conditions after the implementation of the first spatial plan in the Prof. Luiz Saldanha Marine Park (Arrábida, Portugal): I - Fisher information and opinions. RGCI [online]. 2015, vol.15, n.2, pp.153-166. ISSN 1646-8872.  https://doi.org/10.5894/rgci571.

The Prof. Luiz Saldanha Marine Park (PMLS - Arrábida, Portugal) was created in 1998 and is regulated by a spatial plan since 2005 (POPNA). The present study shows results from an inquiry that collected information and opinions of PMLS fishers on the ecological, socio-economic and governance conditions 4-7 years after the phased introduction of regulation in this marine protected area (MPA). The 31 questions about the social-ecological system and some auxiliary questions were re-sponded by 23 fishermen (skippers of a third of the <7 m fishing vessels from Sesimbra allowed to operate in the Park) in individual interviews. Information on fishing activity is used to construct state and trend indicators for ecological variables (mean CPUE for target species, size of biggest target specimen caught in a year, number of bycatch species, number of vessels fishing at the outer limits of the MPA, etc.). Opinions related to the interaction with other users, the PMLS rules and associated institutions form socioeconomic and governance indicators considered relevant for any MPA (number of fishers affected by POPNA introduction, number of fishers known to seek PMLS license, perceived value of fishing boat and MPA license, prioritization of conflicts, etc.). The results are compared with official data of fishing activity in the fishing port of origin, Sesimbra (number of vessels and characteristics, number of landing trips, quantities and values landed daily by species and vessel) and with literature information. Overall, the characterization of the fishing activity within the PMLS based on the questionnaire replies reveals more complexity than previously reported for this small fishing fleet. The already known distinction between the smaller “aiolas” (older, wooden boats <4 m with low engine power and no mechanical support for gear lifting) and the larger “botes” (newer, PVC boats, 5-7 m length, with bigger engine power and mechanical gear lifting support) is further accentuated by demonstration that “aiolas” are exclusively operating within the Park using lines and having significant lower CPUEs than the larger “botes” that also use nets and pots and in most cases simultaneously operate both within and outside the Park. The ecological results appoint to an absence of change for most indicators and a non-significant decline in target species abundance. However, these results do not depict increases in relative abundance for hake, white seabreams and red mullet that are observed in the PMLS daily landings per vessel and supported by independent observations either at larger scales (hake) or within the PMLS (white seabreams) or can be explained by modifications in the PMLS fishing regulations (red mullet). The results on the socioeconomic and governance indicators are clear in the demonstration of pessimism, but diffuse in appointing to causes or possible solutions. Although the majority does not want their descendents to relate to fishing and for themselves prefer to return to the pre-POPNA situation, they also recognize a value in the MPA license, know of people that want to acquire it and consider co-management with the MPA authority as the best way to manage the fishery. Official data on small scale fishing vessel registers from continental Portugal confirm that the number of PMLS vessels reduced in the period 2006-2014 almost the double of the national median in that period (41% vs 22% reduction), however this reduction has only partly led to vessel decommissioning (mainly small “aiolas”; the entry of few new and more potent vessels has actually led to a net increase in total engine power of small fishing vessels at Sesimbra compared to the year of POPNA implementation. This analysis is complemented by the study of Stratoudakis et al. (2015) on perceptions of other PMLS users with respect to the same issues. The joint objective of these studies is to support the management effectiveness evaluation underway in the process of revision of POPNA and the initiation of a longitudinal monitoring plan for the PMLS, using participative methodologies.

Palavras-chave : MPA; Fisheries; Participatory Monitoring; Questionnaire; Management Effectiveness.

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