Resumo

ARAUJO, Ismael Xavier de; SASSI, Roberto  e  LIMA, Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de. Artisanal Fishermen and urban real estate pressure: What is the destiny of these traditional communities?. RGCI [online]. 2014, vol.14, n.3, pp.429-446. ISSN 1646-8872.  https://doi.org/10.5894/rgci482.

This work emerges from the need of analyzing the traditional communities of artisanal fishermen with other scientific eyes, more specifically on the coast of Paraíba, northeast of Brazil, which are no longer rustic, but in part, they still have direct or indirect ties with fishing. In these communities of artisanal fishermen, the fishing activity for many is no longer the main economic activity but a secondary or even a sporadic one. The decrease in the amount of fish caused by the overfishing and by the environmental deterioration as well as by the process of urbanization of the coast of Paraíba, inserted in the national Brazilian context, generate real estate pressure on the traditional communities and end up modifying them. These are factors that have to be considered to diagnose the existing problems and to try to identify the possible solutions and action strategies, be it through the government or non-governmental organizations. The objective of this work is to analyze the urbanization process and the real estate pressure on the traditional communities of artisanal fishermen at the following beaches: Praia da Penha and Tambaú, in the municipality of João Pessoa and in Praia de Lucena in the same municipality. In Tambaú and in Lucena the urban real state pressure on the traditional communities of artisanal fishermen started in the 1970s. In Praia da Penha this process is happening currently. The historical materialism was adopted as a method of reality interpretation and the participatory research was chosen as a research method, being part of a qualitative approach for this work. The in-depth research is used as a research procedure. This implies having a more extensive dialogue with some people considered to be more relevant because of their activities and commitment to the fishing activity. For being a work of urban geography, the central question of the developed dialogues in this method of interview was: how has the urbanization process been modifying the traditional fishing communities? The topics that promoted the discussion were: the urbanization process and the changes of the artisanal fishermen's daily routine; the real estate pressure on the traditional communities; integrated local development as a possibility for the community to remain where they live, in other words, of not expropriating the geographical space by capital; and also some possibilities posed in a dialogue with the urban planning theme, in order to promote a discussion in search of the wholeness. The answers given by the fishermen are always very alike, or even the same, because all of them are experiencing or experienced the urbanization process of their fishing communities. This caused changes to the fishermen in relation to housing and the interest in where to work and what to work on. The disbelief of the fishermen in improvements of work conditions and in life quality contributes for these professionals not to want their children to follow their parents' profession. The fishermen say that the sea is dangerous; that it is better for their children to study and qualify themselves for jobs available in the urban space, in which they are now inserted. According to the fishermen interviewed, the result of this discontentment is the decrease in approximately 66% of the number of professional fishermen over the last 40 years. (...)

Palavras-chave : Urbanization Process; Housing; Urban Planning; Artisanal Fishing; Integrated Local Development.

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