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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada

versão On-line ISSN 1646-8872

Resumo

OLIVEIRA, Filipa S. B. F. et al. Application of Numerical and Physical Modelling to Study the Reabilitation and Protection of Colwyn Bay Beach, Wales, U.K.. RGCI [online]. 2012, vol.12, n.3, pp.323-342. ISSN 1646-8872.

Colwyn Bay is a seaside holiday resort, located in the North Wales coastline of the United Kingdom, which faces the Irish Sea. It has an historic link with tourism, which drives the economy of the coastal region through the development of the town’s frontage and associated coastal and marine environments. The study here described aimed to rehabilitate and protect Colwyn Bay beach, which is undergoing an advanced process of erosion and degradation of its recreational, bathing and coastal protection functions. Due to the notable reduction of the beach width and lowering of the beach berm and face, seawall overtopping and consequent flooding of the promenade occur frequently under sea storm events. For this reason, the Conwy County Borough Council decided on the development of a coastal defence strategy plan for Colwyn Bay. The present paper describes the study performed. The characterization of the beach dynamics was performed in a first stage. It was evaluated the three-dimensional evolution of the beach face and backshore, the recent sedimentologic contents of the same zone, the beach hydrodynamics, based on a wave climate series at three inshore points in front of the beach and on the analysis of a tidal and a surge levels series, the evaluation of the beach submerged active zone and the evaluation of the cross-shore distribution of the sediment drift. In a second stage, a stage of simulation and evaluation of alternative solutions based on a beach nourishment strategy, it was defined and tested the recharged beach profile and tested the long-term solutions, some of them with retention/protection structures (groynes, fishtail groynes and detached breakwaters). These tests were based on numerical modelling of the short-term cross-shore morphodynamics in the case of the recharged beach profile, and on numerical modelling of the long-term shoreline evolution in the case of the beach planform with and without structures. The several methodologies of analysis applied and the respective results are described in detail. Also within the scope of testing beach rehabilitation solutions, physical modelling was performed of the armour stability and wave overtopping for the several alternative cross-sections considered for the new linear defence at the Eastern frontage of Colwyn Bay. The main conclusions of the study, achieved through the comparative analysis of alternative solutions, were on the minimum volume of artificial beach nourishment required for the beach rehabilitation and protection, on the solution with best performance in retaining the beach recharge in the long-term, and on the most effective characteristics of the cross-section of the linear defence (armour slope, concrete wall geometry, geometry and permeability of the crest berm) concerning armour stability and wave overtopping. Recommendations regarding the need to execute a cost-benefit analysis for the beach nourishment solutions with best performance, monitoring the future beach and considering additional aspects for the design of the linear defence were pointed out.

Palavras-chave : Coastal Erosion; Beach Nourishment; Coastal Structures.

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