Resumo

PIATTO, Laura  e  POLETTE, Marcus. Analysis of the Artificialization Process of Balneário Camboriú City, SC, Brazil. RGCI [online]. 2012, vol.12, n.1, pp.77-88. ISSN 1646-8872.

Artificialization is a dynamic process of transformation of the natural landscape in a given amount of time. This process always takes place when humans alter a space in accordance with their needs and resources availability. The fast population growth of coastal areas is speeding the artificialization process of coastal zones, turning these ecosystems into the most urbanized ones in the world. Although the coastline is a just a small portion of the coastal zone, it is the link between the terristrial and sea lives. This feature is not only attractive to the rich biodiversity which it is formed by, but also to humans. Therefore, coastlines must primarily be ordened and regulated in order to ensure sustainable development, avoiding the exhaustion of its capacity. Thus, this work studies a relevant area of the mid-north coast of the state of Santa Catarina, where we can find artificialization: Balneario Camboriu. The objective of this work was to make a quantitative analysis of the degree of artificialization of this citie, analyzing land use by vectorization using satellite images, which allows for greater detail and definition of the different levels of artificialization. For this purpose, the citie was divided into landscape units and subdivided into zones, and, then, classified into four levels of artificialization: Natural, Semi-natural, Semi-artificial, and Artificial. Then, a databank of was created, quantifying the distinct categories of occupation and distribution of the different degrees of artificialization in the area. One artificial and two semi-natural units were found in Balneario Camboriu. The artificial area is at its occupation limit, compromising the future of the semi-natural areas, which may become targets of the real estate and civil construction industries. This result reflects the intense densification of the coastline, where occupation conflicts with the capacity of supporting its already-over-exploited resources. After this quantitative classification, we compared the method used in this work and that used by Project “Orla” (a project by the Federal Goverment, supervised by the Coastal Management Integration Group - GI-GERCO), which qualitatively classified the same area by means of visual identification of the units. The comparison showed that the quantitative system of classification of the coastline was more efficient and can complement the analyses of Project “Orla”, validating its qualitative classification with concrete percentages of occupation. The method of visual analysis of high-definition imagens proved to be a good tool for soil occupation classification. Thus, we developed a cheap method, which can be used both in coastline projects, such as Project “Orla”, and in urban planning projects by any city government.

Palavras-chave : Artificialization; Littoral fringe; Project “Orla”; Coastal Zone.

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