Resumen

FERREIRA, Filipe; FERREIRA, Rita  y  DUARTE, José Alberto. Oxidative stress and damage in skeletal muscle: Influence of unusual acute exercise and physical conditioning . Rev. Port. Cien. Desp. [online]. 2007, vol.7, n.2, pp.257-275. ISSN 1645-0523.

The designation "reactive species" (RS) is currently used to classify the free radicals and other kind of molecules that despite not containing atoms with unpaired electrons are potentially producers of those radicals. These substances are naturally created at basal conditions by the cellular metabolism, and due to its high reactivity are able of modifying the structure of most of the biological molecules, placing in risk the cellular functionality and viability. Particularly in the skeletal muscle, the mitochondria seem to be the main source of RS and, simultaneously, the main target of these compounds. Xanthine Oxidase, the Phospholipase A2, the catecholamine deamination, as well as the tissue infiltration by leukocytes after exercise, may also contribute as additional sources of RS in exercised muscles. The occurrence and the intensity of the RS-induced oxidative damage in the skeletal muscle or in the remaining organs and tissues, behind the rate of RS synthesis, are also dependent of the antioxidant capacity of the tissue carried out by endogenous and exogenous substances. This antioxidant capacity, performed by enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, is dependent of the specific paper of each antioxidant and, moreover, also depends of the cooperation between them. As a consequence of the acute and unusual exercise, the production rate of RS of oxygen in skeletal muscle increases severely as well as the oxidative damage caused by these compounds. However, with the regular practice of physical exercise the recruited skeletal muscles increase their antioxidant capacity, becoming more protected against RS, not only at rest conditions but also during the subsequent practice of acute exercises.

Palabras clave : free radicals; reactive species; antioxidants; oxidative damage; exhaustive exercise; physical training.

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