Resumo

FERNANDES, Alexandre et al. Mother-to-Child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 Infection. Nascer e Crescer [online]. 2014, vol.23, n.2, pp.66-71. ISSN 0872-0754.

Introduction:  Human  Immunodeficiency  Virus  type  1 (HIV1) infection in children is almost related to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Without prophylaxis transmission rates are 15-25%. With appropriate prophylaxis <2% rates are achieved. Objective: Evaluate the MTCT of HIV infection in a maternity. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study, with review of clinical files of children whose mothers have HIV1 infection, born at Júlio Dinis Maternity from January 2006 to December 2011. Not infected was defined if 2 virologic tests were negative (one after 4 months of age) with no clinical signs of infection. Statistical analysis was performed with Epi-Info ® v.3.5.1 (Fisher test, p <0.05). Results: Seventy seven children were born from HIV1 infected mothers, 45 (58.4%) males and 15 (19.5%) preterm infants. Diagnosis of maternal infection during pregnancy occurred in 24 (31.6%) and one at childbirth (1.3%). Seven (9.2%) hadn’t had antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and 9 (12.3%) had viral load> 1,000 copies at childbirth. Normal delivery occurred in 4 (5.2%) and 10 (13%) had rupture of membranes (RM) ≥ 4h. None was breastfed. All received prophylaxis in the neonatal period; 17 (22.1%) with 3 drugs, associated with absence of ART in pregnancy and at childbirth, maternal viral load> 1,000 copies, RM ≥ 4h, spontaneous RM and prematurity. One newborn (1.3%) died. No child became infected. Almost a third (35.5%) had hematological toxicity and 23 (30.3%) had hepatic toxicity, both reversible. Conclusion: In the population studied no MTCT of HIV1 infection occurred, despite the presence of factors that increase the risk of transmission in a high percentage of cases.

Palavras-chave : Antiretroviral treatment; HIV infection; motherto-child transmission; prevention.

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