Abstract

GONZAGA, Diana et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis due to mycoplasma pneumonia. Nascer e Crescer [online]. 2013, vol.22, n.4, pp.248-251. ISSN 0872-0754.

Introduction: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory white matter demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System involving the brain and spinal cord, often following, previous infections or immunizations. The diagnosis is infered by the clinical features of altered mental status, behavioral changes and multifocal neurological signs in association with typical findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Steroids are the first choice for treatment and prognosis is generally favorable. Case report: The authors report a five-year old boy admitted with a clinical picture suggestive of viral meningitis, following an upper respiratory tract infection a couple of weeks previously. On the second day of admission, he developed behavioral changes, with neurological signs of pyramidal tract involvement. MRI showed multiple lesions, of white matter demyelination widespread to the brain and spinal cord, compatible with ADEM. Serological testing suggested recent Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. He responded to steroids with favorable clinical outcome. Conclusion: The aim of this report’s to illustrate a clinical-imagiological entity, highlightening the importance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae involving extrapulmonary manifestations in childhood.

Keywords : Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; behavioural changes; magnetic resonance imaging; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; steroids.

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