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Revista de Ciências Agrárias

versão impressa ISSN 0871-018X

Resumo

ALEXANDRE, C.  e  AFONSO, T.. Detailed soil mapping: a case study for an olive grove trial. Rev. de Ciências Agrárias [online]. 2007, vol.30, n.1, pp.17-32. ISSN 0871-018X.

This paper aims to show: (i) the limitations of the information available by the “Carta dos Solos de Portugal” for use at scales greater than 1:50.000, (ii) the importance of basic soil knowledge at farm scale as a main productivity factor, (iii) a case study for soil survey of an area of 35 ha, including 27 ha of an olive grove trial set up (“Olival Novo”), located on a farm of the “Direcção Regional de Agricultura do Alentejo” (Lameirões), eastern of Moura. Soil observations were based on a regular sampling at a scale of 1:7.500, using manual and mechanical probes for 55 and 24 sampling points, respectively. The studied area reveals great soils diversity – 22 families of the “Classificação dos Solos de Portugal” (CSP 1974), and 26 units of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRBSR 2006) were identified. To get 50% of the mapped 35 ha is necessary to add up 5 CSP families (Bac, Bc, Vc', Vcx, Bca), or 5 WRBSR soil-units (VR.ha(ca), VR.ha(eu), RG.ha(ca), CM.vr(ca,cr), LV.ha(skp,cr) (see appendix for codes description). In spite of the low mapping scale used, the “Carta dos Solos de Portugal” (1:50.000) reflects the soil diversity on the study area identifying 8 soil families. However, the more abundant families referenced (Sr, Vc and Vcm, respectively LV.ha(cr), RG.ha(ca) and LV.vr(cr)) do not match with those identified on this study (mainly Bac, Bc, Vc' or VR.ha(ca), VR.ha(eu), CM.vr(ca,cr)). This difference suggests that the “Carta dos Solos de Portugal” underestimates the quality of some soil units of this area. Although the majority of the soils in the "Olival Novo" area shows high cation exchange capacity (>20 cmol(+) kg-1), some of them also show one or more of the following limitations: compaction, water saturation, extremely calcareous (CaCO3>250 g kg-1), high pH (>8,5) and low levels of phosphorous (P2O5<50 mg kg-1). Analyses of the future results of the ongoing olive trials should also take into account the effect of the spatial intersection between the geometrical distribution of the plots and the irregular spatial distribution of the soil limitations.

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