ORTUNO, Victor E. C.; PAIXAO, Maria Paula    JANEIRO, Isabel Nunes. O tempo subjectivo como instrumento (des)adaptativo no processo desenvolvimental. []. , 31, 2, pp.159-169. ISSN 0870-8231.

Time Perspective - TP (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) is the cognitive process through which personal and social experiences are categorized, stored and retrieved by the use of temporal frames related with the past, present and future. With the analysis of TP it is possible to understand changes in several variables, adaptive (self-esteem, academic effort, pro-active behaviors and entrepreneurship) or dysfunctional (drugs consumption, risk behaviors and depression), on the developmental process of the subjects. Two studies are presented; the first explores the relation between TP and academic achievement. Based on the results we suggest that individuals that have a fatalistic perspective about the present, as well as individuals with little Future perspective, show the worst academic results when compared with individuals with a strong orientation towards the future. These results are coincident with previous studies (Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004; Lens & Tsuzuki, 2007). In the second study the relation between TP and Self-Esteem is analyzed and an important relation between Past Negative, Present Hedonist and Future Negative with Self-Esteem is identified.

: Development psychology; IPT; Time perspective; ZTPI.

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