Abstract

VASCONCELOS, Marco  and  ALBUQUERQUE, Pedro B.. Dissociações entre tarefas de memória: Evidência para uma distinção entre as memórias implícita e explícita. Aná. Psicológica [online]. 2006, vol.24, n.4, pp.519-532. ISSN 0870-8231.

Human memory research has been revealing dissociations among memory tasks, both in normal and in memory-impaired subjects. This study evaluates the applicability of the dominant theoretical approaches in this domain to normal participants. The memory systems approach predicts dissociations between an implicit memory system and an explicit memory system. Alternatively, a processing account predicts dissociations based on the degree of overlap between the cognitive operations at study and test, resulting in dissociations between conceptual and perceptive tasks. Results revealed that performance in the explicit memory tasks of free recall and graphemic cued recall was dissociated from performance in the implicit memory tasks of word fragment completion and general knowledge questions. The manipulation of the level of processing at study enhanced performance in the explicit memory tasks, but had no effect on the implicit memory ones, independently of the perceptive or conceptual nature of the tasks. These findings suggest that dissociations among memory measures are better explained in terms of different memory systems that underlie different memory tasks.

Keywords : Implicit memory; explicit memory; data-driven processes; conceptually-driven processes; dissociations.

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