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Análise Psicológica

Print version ISSN 0870-8231

Abstract

CANDEIAS, António  and  SIMOES, Eduarda. Alfabetização e escola em Portugal no século XX: Censos Nacionais e estudos de caso . Aná. Psicológica [online]. 1999, vol.17, n.1, pp.163-194. ISSN 0870-8231.

The purpose of this paper is to understand and analyse the ways literacy and schooling were implemented in the Portuguese society during the twentieth century. In the first part of it, we compared the Portuguese literacy and schooling rates whit other European countries and societies, and then analysed and discussed the data given by the Portuguese population Census from 1900 to 1960, concluding that until the fourth decade of this Century an important part of Portuguese people became literate autonomously, i.e. not using compulsory school in a standard way. In the second part of this paper we studied population samples of three generations of a rural village of Portugal, the freguesia do Beco in Ferreira do Zêzere, that were born between 1888 and 1969, reconstructing the evolution of their literacy and schooling levels and relating it with professional mobility, gender and social status. We also tried to establish the social images of literacy, school and their relationship with child`s work, leisure and daily routines in two generations (grand parents and grand sons) and analyse the changes that occurred in this period of time, showing that the process of schooling and literacy has to be understood under a broader social and historic perspective in which literacy rates and their evolution are only one of the aspects to be considered.

Keywords : History of education; literacy; schooling.

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