Abstract

SKEMPTON, Simon. Universality and the Deconstruction of Identity. Diacrítica [online]. 2012, vol.26, n.2, pp.277-289. ISSN 0807-8967.

This paper argues that the critique of identitarian thinking to be found in the works of Derrida and Levinas entails, contrary to their frequent portrayal as relativists, a form of universalism. Universality is reconceived as the transcendence of identity as such rather than as an ultimate identity that subsumes all others. Derridean deconstruction is shown to involve a critique of a homogenizing ethnocentrism, whether in the form of a particularistic closed identity or an imperialistic universalization of a particular identity. It is claimed that deconstruction is a quasi-transcendental critique that reveals the disjunctive non-identity within any identity. This makes possible the ethical relation as an opening of identity to the other, which is the singularity of the other person, not another culture or identity. Levinas claims that such an opening is the basis of universality, universality understood in terms of practical ethical relations rather than in terms of ideality. The singularity of the other takes the form of a disjuncture in any given identity. The deconstructive opening up of identity makes possible the unconditionality of an ethical imperative that goes beyond all particular determinate situations and contexts.

Keywords : universality; identity; relativism; Derrida; Levinas.

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