Scielo RSS <![CDATA[Medievalista]]> http://scielo.pt/rss.php?pid=1646-740X20130002&lang=pt vol. num. 14 lang. pt <![CDATA[SciELO Logo]]> http://scielo.pt/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://scielo.pt <![CDATA[<b>Orgulhosamente acompanhados</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200001&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt <![CDATA[<b><i>Similibus simile cognoscitur</i></b>: <b>O pensamento analógico medieval</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200002&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Embora insuficientemente considerado pela historiografia, o pensamento analógico foi o instrumento intelectual predominante em todas as categorias sócioculturais na Europa medieval. Ele é que determinou muitas das formas de relação entre os humanos e destes com a natureza. Levar em conta esta modalidade de raciocínio fundada em homologias, simetrias, contiguidades, correspondências e oposições permite compreender diversas facetas dos conhecimentos, comportamentos e sentimentos do homem medieval. Isto é exemplificado no presente artigo pela frequente utilização que a Idade Média fazia de analogias na matemática, cartografia, medicina, teologia, exegese bíblica, liturgia, etimologia e literatura, dentre outros campos da atividade humana.<hr/>Although insufficiently considered by historiography, the analogical thought was the prevalent intellectual instrument in all sociocultural categories in medieval Europe. It was decisive for many forms of relation between the human ones and of those with nature. Taking into account this kind of reasoning based on homologies, symmetries, contiguities, correspondences and oppositions it is possible understand various aspects of knowledge, behaviors and emotions of medieval man. This is exemplified in the present article by the frequent use that the Middle Age made of analogies in mathematics, cartography, medicine, theology, biblical exegesis, liturgy, etymology, and literature, among other fields of human activity. <![CDATA[<b>La caridad en la historia del cristianismo</b>: <b>algunas manifestaciones en la Andalucía bajomedieval</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200003&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt La historia del cristianismo católico a menudo olvida que la base de esta religión es el ejercicio de la caridad hacia el prójimo por encima de todas las cosas. En este trabajo pretendemos ilustrar cómo vivían este mandato los cristianos andaluces de finales de la Edad Media, precisamente a través de un grupo de asociaciones laicales muy abundantes en esta región: las hermandades y cofradías. Las cofradías andaluzas bajomedievales fueron instituciones formadas mayoritariamente por laicos que llevaron a cabo una intensa actividad benéfico-social para con los habitantes de los núcleos urbanos donde residían. Ya fueran cofrades o no, aquellas personas que gozaban de una buena situación socioeconómica acudieron a las cofradías para que, sobre todo, les asistieran en el paso al más allá. Esta asistencia se manifestaba en los momentos previos a la muerte, pero también en todo tipo de honras fúnebres por las almas de los difuntos. No obstante, no era esta la única actividad benéfica desarrollada por estas instituciones, sino que también se ocuparon de ejercer la caridad en otras múltiples facetas que se estudian en el presente trabajo.<hr/>In this paper we aim to analise one aspect which normally goes unnoticed when studying the history of Christianism: charity. During the end of the Middle Ages, Andalusian fraternities were institutions which carried out an intense activity for social welfare amongst the inhabitants of the places where they resided. Members of fraternities or not, those who enjoyed a comfortable socioeconomic position turned to them in order to be helped in the transit to the eternal glory, as they wanted. They asked for assistance in the wake before leaving the wordly life, in funeral processions, and in funeral services to shorten the time for purging sins. But fraternities also shared this solidarity with poor people. This assistance also included other kinds of activities which met the interests and needs of people of the age. <![CDATA[<b>A Igreja do Mosteiro de Santa Maria das Júnias (Vila Real)</b>: <b>Um estudo histórico-arquitectónico</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200004&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt A Igreja do Mosteiro de Santa Maria das Júnias localiza-se no actual distrito de Vila Real, concelho de Montalegre. A sua construção situar-se-á no século XII e enquadra-se no estilo românico. Considera-se a forte possibilidade da existência de uma estrutura religiosa de cronologia mais recuada, no mesmo espaço, embora desta não subsistam quaisquer vestígios, à excepção de algumas menções em documentos da época. A sua história foi marcada por diversos momentos construtivos, directamente associados à conjuntura religiosa do reino de Portugal. Através da análise da sua estrutura arquitectónica, em paralelo com a história religiosa deste monumento, da região em que se insere e das ordens religiosas a que este esteve associado, procurou-se compreender a evolução histórica e arquitectónica do Mosteiro de Santa Maria das Júnias e, mais especificamente, da sua igreja.<hr/>The Church of the Monastery of Santa Maria das Júnias nowadays is located in the district of Vila Real, municipality of Montalegre. The construction of this building, in the romanesque style, must have taken place during the 12th century. There is a very strong possibility that there had been, in the same place, an older religious structures, although there is no evidence of such, except for references in some written documents of the time. This church reveals several architectural alterations in different periods, directly related to the religious history of the Kingdom of Portugal. By analysing its arquitectural strutcture and considering the religious history and the religious orders related to this monument, an attempt has been made to understand the historical and architectural development of the Monastery of Santa Maria das Júnias and, more specifically, of its Church. <![CDATA[<b>Intervenção arqueológica no Alto do Calvário, Miranda do Corvo</b>: <b>a necrópole rupestre</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200005&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Sendo provável que a vila de Miranda do Corvo se tenha desenvolvido em redor do cabeço do antigo castelo, fortificação importante na linha de defesa de Coimbra durante a ‘Reconquista’, pouco se sabe da sua história. É quase certo que o topónimo Miranda tem origem latina, relacionado com a função do cabeço como miradouro. Contudo, a primeira referência documental a esta vila surge no século X, e o seu castelo só aparece mencionado a partir do século XII. Actualmente, praticamente nada resta da fortificação medieval, para além de uma torre que fazia parte da muralha - actual torre sineira da Igreja Matriz -, assim como a cisterna, de nave única e planta rectangular, localizada no topo do cabeço. Os trabalhos arqueológicos aqui apresentados, realizados por solicitação da Autarquia, enquadram-se no âmbito do projecto da Rede Urbana dos Castelos e Muralhas Medievais do Mondego, que visa levar a cabo um programa de reabilitação do local.<hr/>It is probable that the town of Miranda do Corvo has developed around the mound of the old castle, an important fortification in the defense of Coimbra during the 'Reconquista'. However, nothing is known about its history. It is almost certain that the toponym Miranda has Latin origin, related to the function of the hill as a lookout. However, the first documentary reference to this village appears in the tenth century, and its castle appears only mentioned after the twelfth century. Today, however, virtually nothing remains of medieval fortification, except a tower - current bell tower of the church - that would be part of the wall, as well as the cistern, located at the top of the hill. The archaeological work here presented, performed at the request of the Municipality, takes place under the project Rede Urbana dos Castelos e Muralhas Medievais do Mondego, in order to carry out a rehabilitation program. <![CDATA[<b>Problemas metodológicos en el estudio del mundo rural andalusí</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200006&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Este artigo apresenta uma série de reflexões de carácter teórico-metodológico relativas ao estudo do povoamento rural medieval no Al-Andalus. Trata-se de colocar o acento tónico no hábito, existente entre muitos arqueólogos, de colocar, indiscriminadamente, etiquetas classificatórias a entidades populacionais, sem uma apurada base prévia, descritiva e sistemática dos arqueossítios identificados com vista à sua posterior classificação. Neste trabalho aborda-se, sobretudo, a problemática referente à documentação de alcarias. Este termo (Alcaria) deriva do Árabe, tratando-se na sua origem de uma palavra polissémica que apresenta algumas dificuldades quando se interpreta o registo arqueológico. Como alternativa, propõe-se um modelo classificatório descritivo e flexível que permita ordenar, arqueologicamente, os tipos de arqueossítios andaluzes.<hr/>This paper collects some reflections about the theoretical and methodological framework related to the study of medieval rural settlements of Al-Andalus. We are intended to put a special stress on the bad habit, among many archaeologists, to put qualifier labels on population entities without a previous base rich, descriptive and systematic of the located sites to its further documentation. It deals primarily the problem concerning to the documentation of farmsteads (al-qurà). This term, that of farmstead (al-qarya), from the Arabic language, is originally a polysemous word that presents certain difficulties in interpreting the archaeological record. As an alternative we aim to propose a descriptive and flexible classification in order to realise a tipology of the andalusí sites. <![CDATA[<b>Cuatro inscripciones pertenecientes al antiguo Convento de San Vicente de Villamayor de los Montes</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200007&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt El conjunto epigráfico que hoy presentamos pertenece al primitivo monasterio de San Vicente de Villamayor de los Montes y se conserva en el claustro del actual templo cisterciense. Representa una fuente historiográfica de primer orden para la reconstrucción de su pasado histórico desde una perspectiva publicitaria y escrituraria. Este conjunto de cuatro inscripciones supone unos de los únicos vestigios conservados del primitivo cenobio de Villamayor. Aquí analizamos este Corpus a través del método epigráfico moderno español empleado para la edición del Corpus Inscriptionum Hispaniae Mediaevalium, con el fin de presentar un estudio crítico y científico del conjunto que nos permita ahondar en las particularidades de esta actividad publicitaria - eso son las inscripciones -, de la finalidad que pudieron tener estos epígrafes; así como para un mejor conocimiento de la sociedad que las creó. Para ello abordaremos el estudio del proceso de génesis o elaboración de las inscripciones, el análisis de caracteres externos, internos y funcionales y nos detendremos también en la tradición epigráfica y la conservación.<hr/>The epigraphic group presented here belongs to the old monastery of St. Vicente de Villamayor de los Montes and is kept in the cloisters of the present Cistercian temple. It represents a primary historiographic source to rebuild its historical past from a scriptural and advertising perspective. This four-inscription group constitutes one of the few vestiges preserved from the early monastery of Villamayor. Here we study this corpus through the modern Spanish epigraphic method used for the edition of the Corpus Inscriptionum Hispaniae Mediaevalium, in order to present a critical and scientific study of this group which could allow us to go deep into the particularities of this advertising activity - that is what inscriptions are - and the purpose which these epigraphs may have had, as well as for a better knowledge of the society which created them. To achieve that, we shall address the study of the genesis or elaboration of these inscriptions as well as the analysis of the outer, inner and functional characters, and dwell on the epigraphic tradition and its upkeep. <![CDATA[<b>Richeza (c. 996-1063)</b>: <b><i>la reina consorte de Polonia - sabia o instigadora?</i></b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200008&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Richeza (c. 996 - 1063) era mujer de Miecislao II Lampert - segundo rey de Polonia y nieta de Otón II - emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano. Esta mujer sabia, activa tanto en el campo político como en el religioso parece, sin embargo, no encontrar el debido reconocimiento en las cronícas medievales polacas. Además, la imagen historiográfica de esta mujer excepcional, crecida en uno de los ambientes más ilustres de aquel entonces, se vio deformada tanto en las cronícas medievales como en la tradición posterior. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar dichas deformaciones y mostrar sus posibles causas. Se pretende comparar la figura de Richeza con las de otras mujeres poderosas y excepcionales del ámbito de la cultura del Medioevo europeo para estabelecer subyacentes patrones culturales.<hr/>Richeza (b. ca. 996 - d. 1063) was the wife of Mieszko II Lambert - the second King of Poland and the granddaughter of Otto II - the Holy Roman Emperor. That educated woman, active both in the political arena and the arena of faith, did not enjoy, however, a merited acclaim in the chronicling of Middle Ages. What is more, the historiographic portrayal of that exceptional woman emerges as highly disfigured in the chronicles of medieval Poland and in the literature that followed. The objective of the current examination is to delve into analyzing that disfigurement and to depict its potential cause. It is also intended to juxtapose the figure of Richeza to other prodigious and prominent female figures representative of the circle of European culture. This is all in order to reconstruct the concealed cultural patterns. <![CDATA[<b>CAMPOS, Maria Amélia Álvaro de - <i>Santa Justa de Coimbra na Idade Média</i></b>: <b><i>o</i></b><b><i> espaço urbano, religioso e socio-económico</i>. Coimbra: 2012.</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200009&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Richeza (c. 996 - 1063) era mujer de Miecislao II Lampert - segundo rey de Polonia y nieta de Otón II - emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano. Esta mujer sabia, activa tanto en el campo político como en el religioso parece, sin embargo, no encontrar el debido reconocimiento en las cronícas medievales polacas. Además, la imagen historiográfica de esta mujer excepcional, crecida en uno de los ambientes más ilustres de aquel entonces, se vio deformada tanto en las cronícas medievales como en la tradición posterior. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar dichas deformaciones y mostrar sus posibles causas. Se pretende comparar la figura de Richeza con las de otras mujeres poderosas y excepcionales del ámbito de la cultura del Medioevo europeo para estabelecer subyacentes patrones culturales.<hr/>Richeza (b. ca. 996 - d. 1063) was the wife of Mieszko II Lambert - the second King of Poland and the granddaughter of Otto II - the Holy Roman Emperor. That educated woman, active both in the political arena and the arena of faith, did not enjoy, however, a merited acclaim in the chronicling of Middle Ages. What is more, the historiographic portrayal of that exceptional woman emerges as highly disfigured in the chronicles of medieval Poland and in the literature that followed. The objective of the current examination is to delve into analyzing that disfigurement and to depict its potential cause. It is also intended to juxtapose the figure of Richeza to other prodigious and prominent female figures representative of the circle of European culture. This is all in order to reconstruct the concealed cultural patterns. <![CDATA[<b><i>Taboos and Penitence</i></b>: <b><i>Christian Conversion and Popular Religion in Early Medieval Ireland</i></b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200010&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Richeza (c. 996 - 1063) era mujer de Miecislao II Lampert - segundo rey de Polonia y nieta de Otón II - emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano. Esta mujer sabia, activa tanto en el campo político como en el religioso parece, sin embargo, no encontrar el debido reconocimiento en las cronícas medievales polacas. Además, la imagen historiográfica de esta mujer excepcional, crecida en uno de los ambientes más ilustres de aquel entonces, se vio deformada tanto en las cronícas medievales como en la tradición posterior. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar dichas deformaciones y mostrar sus posibles causas. Se pretende comparar la figura de Richeza con las de otras mujeres poderosas y excepcionales del ámbito de la cultura del Medioevo europeo para estabelecer subyacentes patrones culturales.<hr/>Richeza (b. ca. 996 - d. 1063) was the wife of Mieszko II Lambert - the second King of Poland and the granddaughter of Otto II - the Holy Roman Emperor. That educated woman, active both in the political arena and the arena of faith, did not enjoy, however, a merited acclaim in the chronicling of Middle Ages. What is more, the historiographic portrayal of that exceptional woman emerges as highly disfigured in the chronicles of medieval Poland and in the literature that followed. The objective of the current examination is to delve into analyzing that disfigurement and to depict its potential cause. It is also intended to juxtapose the figure of Richeza to other prodigious and prominent female figures representative of the circle of European culture. This is all in order to reconstruct the concealed cultural patterns. <![CDATA[<b>Apontamentos sobre a legitimidade atual da história medieval tecidos no entorno de uma obra recente</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200011&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Richeza (c. 996 - 1063) era mujer de Miecislao II Lampert - segundo rey de Polonia y nieta de Otón II - emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano. Esta mujer sabia, activa tanto en el campo político como en el religioso parece, sin embargo, no encontrar el debido reconocimiento en las cronícas medievales polacas. Además, la imagen historiográfica de esta mujer excepcional, crecida en uno de los ambientes más ilustres de aquel entonces, se vio deformada tanto en las cronícas medievales como en la tradición posterior. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar dichas deformaciones y mostrar sus posibles causas. Se pretende comparar la figura de Richeza con las de otras mujeres poderosas y excepcionales del ámbito de la cultura del Medioevo europeo para estabelecer subyacentes patrones culturales.<hr/>Richeza (b. ca. 996 - d. 1063) was the wife of Mieszko II Lambert - the second King of Poland and the granddaughter of Otto II - the Holy Roman Emperor. That educated woman, active both in the political arena and the arena of faith, did not enjoy, however, a merited acclaim in the chronicling of Middle Ages. What is more, the historiographic portrayal of that exceptional woman emerges as highly disfigured in the chronicles of medieval Poland and in the literature that followed. The objective of the current examination is to delve into analyzing that disfigurement and to depict its potential cause. It is also intended to juxtapose the figure of Richeza to other prodigious and prominent female figures representative of the circle of European culture. This is all in order to reconstruct the concealed cultural patterns. <![CDATA[<b>Scientific Report</b>: <b>International Conference "Medieval Europe in Motion</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2013000200012&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Richeza (c. 996 - 1063) era mujer de Miecislao II Lampert - segundo rey de Polonia y nieta de Otón II - emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano. Esta mujer sabia, activa tanto en el campo político como en el religioso parece, sin embargo, no encontrar el debido reconocimiento en las cronícas medievales polacas. Además, la imagen historiográfica de esta mujer excepcional, crecida en uno de los ambientes más ilustres de aquel entonces, se vio deformada tanto en las cronícas medievales como en la tradición posterior. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar dichas deformaciones y mostrar sus posibles causas. Se pretende comparar la figura de Richeza con las de otras mujeres poderosas y excepcionales del ámbito de la cultura del Medioevo europeo para estabelecer subyacentes patrones culturales.<hr/>Richeza (b. ca. 996 - d. 1063) was the wife of Mieszko II Lambert - the second King of Poland and the granddaughter of Otto II - the Holy Roman Emperor. That educated woman, active both in the political arena and the arena of faith, did not enjoy, however, a merited acclaim in the chronicling of Middle Ages. What is more, the historiographic portrayal of that exceptional woman emerges as highly disfigured in the chronicles of medieval Poland and in the literature that followed. The objective of the current examination is to delve into analyzing that disfigurement and to depict its potential cause. It is also intended to juxtapose the figure of Richeza to other prodigious and prominent female figures representative of the circle of European culture. This is all in order to reconstruct the concealed cultural patterns.