Motricidade

Five years in Sports Sciences

Nível de resiliência em idosas praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o nível de resiliência de idosas praticantes (GP) e não praticantes de exercício físico (GNP), conforme os aspectos sociodemográficos, condições de saúde e eventos estressantes. Participaram 164 idosas, sendo 85 do GP e 79 do GNP. Utilizou-se uma ficha diagnóstica para coletar dados sociodemográficos, as condições de saúde, o Inventário de Eventos Estressantes e a Escala de Resiliência. Empregou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Não houve diferença significante no nível de resiliência entre os grupos (p= 0,404). As idosas do GP com maior nível de resiliência apresentaram escolaridade mais elevada e menor intensidade de eventos estressantes. Nos dois grupos, o maior nível de resiliência associou-se a menor intensidade dos eventos estressantes. O nível de resiliência não está relacionado à prática de exercício físico, porém as idosas que realizam exercício e que apresentam maior nível de resiliência têm menor intensidade de eventos estressantes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the level of resilience of older practitioners (GP) and non-exercising (GNP) as their sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and stressful events. The study included 164 elderlies, being 85 GP and 79 GNP. We used a diagnostic plug to collect sociodemographic data, health conditions, the Inventory of Stressful Events and Resilience Scale. We used the descriptive and inferential statistics. No significant difference in the level of resilience between the groups (p= 0.404). The old GP with higher education had higher resilience and lower intensity of stressful events. In both groups, the highest level of resilience was associated with lower intensity of stressful events. The level of resilience is not related to physical exercise, but older women who regularly exercise and have a higher level of resilience have lower intensity of stressful events.

Effects of the task complexity on the performance of a Coincidence Timing Task of people with Down syndrome

With the present study, we aimed to investigate the task complexity effects on the performance of a coincidence timing task in individuals with Down syndrome. The experimental group was consisted by 26 subjects with Down syndrome, 20 years old (± 5), and classified as mild or moderate in International Classification of Functioning and Health. Each participant in the experimental group was matched by in function of gender and age with a participant in a control group without Down syndrome. Both groups performed a coincident timing task, in which the participant had different levels of structural and functional complexity. Performance measure was derived from the consistency (absolute error), accuracy (variable error) and direction of response (constant error). Individuals with Down syndrome presented spatiotemporal organization impairments related to the difficulty in dealing with motor demand in order to interact with the perceptive demand. They also experienced difficulty in adapt to task complexity, causing performance error in the task. Individuals with Down syndrome have deficits in perceptive and space-time organization, and this phenomenon may be explained by the difficulty in integrating perceptive stimulus to motor actions with a high number of elements involved.

Amplitude de movimento de tornozelo e o paradigma das tarefas simultâneas durante a marcha de idosos da comunidade

Diminuição da Amplitude de Movimento (ADM) de tornozelo e redução da força de dorsiflexores em decorrência do processo de envelhecimento são alterações conhecidas e que estão associadas com o aumento do risco de tropeços e quedas. Foi nosso objetivo avaliar a ADM de tornozelo em idosos da comunidade durante a marcha habitual e em duas condições de tarefas simultâneas (funcional e cognitiva). Trinta e dois idosos da comunidade (66.8±4.7 anos), de ambos os sexos, não caidores, que apresentavam marcha sem dispositivo de auxilio, participaram do estudo. A dorsiflexão e flexão plantar de tornozelo foram avaliadas em três situações: marcha habitual, marcha com tarefa funcional e marcha com tarefa cognitiva, utilizando 8 câmeras Qualisys Pro-reflex Oqus 300®. Análises de variância (ANOVA) foram aplicadas e comparações foram feitas por Newman-Keuls no programa SPSS (versão 16.0) adotando nível de significância de 5% (p£ 0.05). Não houve diferenças entre as diferentes tarefas (p> 0.05) para a ADM de dorsiflexão e flexão plantar dos idosos, porém, durante a marcha habitual a ADM de dorsiflexão foi menor se comparada aos valores de referência descritos na literatura. A realização de tarefas associadas à marcha não alterou a ADM de tornozelo em idosos da comunidade não caidores, entretanto, são necessários mais estudos que abordem idosos que tiveram quedas prévias.

Decreased range of motion (ROM) of the ankle and dorsiflexor strength due to the aging process has been associated with increased risk of trips and falls. However, the impact of dual-task on the ankle ROM in elderly is not clear. It was our objective to evaluate the ankle ROM in community elderly during usual gait and two simultaneous task conditions (functional and cognitive). Thirty-two community elderly (66.8 ± 4.7 years) of both sexes, non-fallers, who had independent walking were recruited. The dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle were assessed in three situations: usual gait, gait with functional task and gait with cognitive task, using 8 cameras Qualisys Pro-reflex Oqus 300®. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied and comparisons were made by Newman-Keuls using SPSS (version 16.0) adopting a significance level of 5% (p£ 0.05). There were no differences among tasks (p> 0.05) in the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in the elderly, however, during the usual gait the dorsiflexion ROM of the elderly was lower than the normative values described in literature. The performance of tasks during walking have no influence on ankle ROM in non-fallers community-elderly. However, more studies including older adults who have previously fallen are necessary.

Influence of regular soccer or swimming practice on gross motor development in childhood

The objective of this study was to analyse the changes on gross motor development after five (T5), ten (T10) and 30 (T30) months of swimming or soccer practice. The study sample consists of 33 preschool-aged boys (4.8±0.5 yrs.): 11 soccer practitioners; 11 swimming practitioners; 11 controls (no previous involvement in sports). The Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition was used to assess common gross motor skills (locomotion, object control skills). Both experimental groups improved significantly in their gross motor quotient and the standard scores for locomotion and object control skills between T5 and T10. At T10, all soccer practitioners have already reached the maximum descriptive rating for the gross motor quotient. Between T10 and T30, swimming practitioners were able to improve the standard scores for object control skills. Main results showed a positive impact of swimming and soccer participation in motor proficiency.

Avaliação física e antropométrica de estudantes com e sem menarca na região de Tucuruí/Pará, Brasil

Quisemos avaliar as valências físicas e características antropométricas, em meninas menarquiadas e não menarquiadas da rede pública de Tucuruí/PA, com idade de 11 e 12 anos. Avaliou-se 98 meninas com 11 anos e 105 com idade de 12 anos, divididas em dois grupos: menarquidas e não menarquidas. Foi avaliadado peso, estatura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), a composição corporal de duas dobras (tríceptal e subescapular), os testes físicos foram o Shutle Run, Salto horizontal, 1.609 metros, velocidade de 30 metros, arremesso do Medicine Ball. Aplicou-se o teste t para amostras independentes nas variáveis com distribuição normal e o teste Mann-Whitney para as demais, (p < 0,05), com o SPSS for Windows 15.0. Verificou-se diferenças significativas na massa corporal (44.05 e 37.85kg) e estatura (1.48 e 1.42m) entre as meninas de 11 anos. Já nas escolares com 12 anos houve diferença significativa em relação à estatura (1.51 e 1.44m), IMC (19.86 e 18.49 kg/m2), Salto Horizontal (135.49 e 129.40cm), Arremesso do Medicine Ball (238.29 e 207.42cm), corrida de 1.609 metros (11.30 e 10.37 min) e no VO2Máx predito (33.67 e 36.05ml.kg-1.min-1). As menarquiadas apresentaram valores superiores às não menarquiadas nas medidas antropométricas e nos testes de arremesso de medicine ball.

It was our objective to evaluate the anthropometric variables and the physical qualities in girls with menarche and without menarche from public school of Tucuruí - PA, with 11 to 12 years old. Ninety-eight girls aged 11 and 105 aged 12 years were evaluated girls and divided into two groups: girls with menarche and girls without menarche. Weight and height, body mass index (BMI), body composition of two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) were registered. Also, were assessed the performance in shuttle Run, horizontal jump, 1609 meters running, a 30 meters sprint run and a 3kg medicine ball throwing. After normality testing with the Kolmogorov Smirnov a t test for independent samples was computed or the Mann-Whitney test. Alpha value was set at 0.05. All calculations were computed using SPSS for Windows 15.0. It was found significant differences in body mass (44.05 and 37.85 kg) and height (1.48 and 1.42m) between groups among 11 years old girls. In the12 years old girls no significant differences were found between groups in relation to height (1.51 and 1.44m), BMI (19.86 and 18.49 kg/m2), horizontal jump (135.49 and 129.40cm), medicine ball throwing (238.29 and 207.42cm), 1.609 meters running (11.30 and 10.37m) and predicted VO2max (33.67 and 36.055 ml.kg-1.min-1). Girls with menstrual cycle had higher values than their counterparts in anthropometric measurements and in the medicine ball throwing.

Adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNESp) to the sport domain and invariance across football and swimming

The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNESp) to the sport domain, and to measure model invariance across football and swimming. Athletes (n=1382; 623 football, 759 swimming) with an average age of 18.77±SD 7.04 years participated in this study. Results supported the suitability of both the first and second order models, showing that the model was well adjusted to the data. In addition, the model showed the discriminant and convergent validity and composite reliability of the factors, and was invariant between football and swimming (∆CFI≤.01).

Potential correlates and outcomes of active commuting to school among adolescents

The present study analysed the prevalence, potential correlates and physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and academic performance outcomes, of active commuting to and from school (ACS), considering the home-to-school distance. A total of 391 Portuguese adolescents (189 boys, aged 14-18 years) completed a questionnaire about their active and passive commuting behaviours; potential correlates and perceived barriers of ACS; PA, BMI and academic performance. Multinomial regressions analyses were performed for no walk/cycle, one-way commuters and for both-ways commuters living near (<2 miles) school. The prevalence of one-way and both-ways active commuters decreased as the distance to school increased to more than two miles (66.5% to 23.5%). For the near group, walking to (47.8%) and from (55.5%) school was much more common than cycling (< 1%). The barrier with the greatest effect for one-way and both-ways active commuters was distance, followed by stuff to carry, dont enjoy walking/cycling. No significant relations were found between walking or cycling one-way or both-ways and total PA, BMI and academic performance. To increase ACS, results suggest interventions promoting bicycling use and addressing multiple perceived barriers, such as PA and ACS attitudes, stuff to carry, perceptions of hot and sweaty and distance.

Comparison of Polish and Portuguese hospital cost accounting methods

Dissemination of New Public Management ideology has motivated numerous studies about changes to management accounting practices in public healthcare organizations. However, few studies compare these practices on an international basis. The aim of the paper is to explore the differences and similarities in cost accounting practices within hospitals in different countries within the European Union. We follow a multiple comparative case-study approach. Qualitative data about the accounting practices of five hospitals, three from Poland and two from Portugal, are compared and discussed. Results show fairly similar models of cost accounting and an increasing need for accurately determined costs at hospitals in both countries. However, the data suggest some important differences in the way overhead is allocated. This study highlights the benefits of cross-country comparison practices. Moreover, this study points to the need for more qualitative cross-country research within management accounting topics.